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プロポフォール誘発アルファ波の大脳皮質における発生機序の解明

阐明异丙酚诱导大脑皮层α波的机制

基本信息

批准号：
15K20561
负责人：
小柳裕子
金额：
$ 2.5万
依托单位：
Nihon University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2015-04-01 至 2016-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

プロポフォールは今日最もよく用いられている静脈麻酔薬である。近年ヒトにおいて，プロポフォールによる意識消失時に，プロポフォール誘発アルファ波が観察されることが報告されている。しかし、そのアルファ波の発生メカニズムやプロポフォール誘発アルファ波と意識の消失の関連性についてヒトや実験動物における詳細な検証はなされていない。本研究は，ホールセル・パッチクランプ法を用いて，大脳皮質を含む急性脳スライス標本において錐体細胞の発火同期性に対するプロポフォールの影響を詳細に検討し，プロポフォール誘発アルファ波の発生機序をシナプスレベルで解明することにより，プロポフォールを含め種々の麻酔薬の作用機序の核心的な部分を解明することを目的とした。大脳皮質において代表的な抑制性介在ニューロンであるfast-spiking（FS）ニューロンおよびFSニューロンから投射を受ける錐体細胞から同時ホールセル記録を行い，シナプス前細胞に相当するFSニューロンをアルファ周波数帯である10 Hzで発火させている間，シナプス後細胞に相当する2つの錐体細胞の発火タイミングは同期傾向を示した。一方，2つの錐体細胞のうち1つのみFSニューロンからの入力を受ける錐体細胞間では，FSニューロンを先行発火させても発火の同期は見られなかった。また，FSニューロンを1，5，および20 Hzで発火させた場合，シナプス後細胞に相当する2つの錐体細胞の発火同期は10 Hzで発火させた場合と比較して弱かった。以上の結果から大脳皮質は，プロポフォールによりアルファ周波数帯特異的に発火タイミングを調節する局所回路を構成している可能性が示唆された。また，これらの発火タイミング調節に抑制性神経回路が重要な役割を果たしていると考えられた。これらの成果の一部は，北米神経科学会議2015においてポスター発表を行った。

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