Situational differences in children's acquisition of self-regulation and maternal support system in mother-child conversation

本研究探讨了图画书阅读、穿衣游戏和烹饪游戏情境中的母子对话。研究一对15对母亲和儿童分别在20、27和36个月时进行纵向观察，分析儿童在图画书阅读情境中关于施事和行动的话语前后的母亲话语。儿童产生更多的话语代理人没有听到以前的话语代理人的母亲在36个月的年龄比在27个月的年龄。在20个月大的时候，孩子们在没有听到母亲的话语的情况下对代理人的话语比例与这些孩子的词汇量呈正相关。但在27个月龄时，两者之间的相关关系变为负相关。结果表明，在语言习得的早期阶段，儿童首先获得了跟随母亲话语产生话语的能力，然后才能在没有母亲话语的情况下产生话语。母亲对大孩子关于施事的话语模仿和提供详细信息的频率较低，而要求大孩子提供详细信息的频率较高。这些结果表明，根据他们的孩子的年龄，母亲给了孩子更大程度的自由被控制。在研究二中，母亲的话语之前和之后的儿童的话语的对象和动作和状态在穿衣游戏的情况下和烹饪游戏的情况进行了分析。儿童在任何情况下听到母亲话语的比例都没有随年龄变化。在这两种情况下，母亲更多地模仿年龄较大的孩子的话语。使用因素分析，这些结果表明，儿童模仿的话语，他们的母亲根据情况和母亲经常模仿的话语，儿童在各种情况下。

This study investigated mother-child conversation in picture book reading, dressing play and cooking play situations. Fifteen pairs of mothers and children were longitudinally observed when children were twenty, twenty-seven and thirty-six months of age.In Study One, maternal utterances preceding and following children's utterances about agent and action in picture book reading situation were analysed. Children produced more utterances about agent without hearing prior utterances about agent by mothers at the age of thirty-six months than at the age of twenty-seven months. The proportion of utterances about agent by children without hearing those by mothers were positively associated with the size of these children's vocabulary at the age of twenty months. But the correlational relationship between them changed to a negative one at the age of twenty-seven months. The results showed, that in early language acquisition period, children at first acquired the ability to produce utterances following maternal utterances and then they were able to produce utterances without them. Mothers imitated and gave elaborative information to the utterances about agent by older children less often and requested elaborative information from them more often. These results showed that depending on their children's age, mothers gave children a greater degree of freedom to be controlled.In Study Two, maternal utterances preceding and following children's utterances about objects and action and state in dressing play situation and cooking play situation were analysed. Children didn't showed changes with their age in proportion of utterances with hearing those by mothers in any situations. Mothers imitated the utterances by older children more often in both situations. Using factor analysis, these results showed that children imitated utterances by their mothers depending on situations and that mothers regularly imitated utterances by children in various situations.