Children's Cognition of Deviant Behavior, Prosocail behavior and Transmission of Parental Values

儿童对异常行为、Prosocail行为的认知与父母价值观的传递

• 批准号: 13610139
• 负责人: MURASE Toshiki
• 金额: $ 1.22万
• 依托单位: Shimane University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2002
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13610139/
• 关键词: Correspondence bias; Self-improvement; Moral and conventional transgression; Understanding of guilt and shame; Transmission of parental values; Modeling effect; Middle childhood; Development; 対応バイアス; 向社会的行動; 非社会的行動; 自律的価値形成; 男女差; 逸脱行動; 気持ち /

Three studies investigated children's cognition of deviant behavior, prosocial behavior and transmission of parental values.Study 1 investigated whether children constructed trait inferences from information about the psychological process of a protagonist. When the protagonist psychologically showed self-improvement such as 'hansei' after not helping his friend, 3^<rd> and 5^<th> graders as well as undergraduate students corrected the negative evaluation for the protagonist. The prosocial judgment at the decision making had no effect on the trait inference for the 3^<rd> and 5^<th> grades, but had a marginal effect for undergraduate students.Study 2 revealed that in scenario-based questions about moral and conventional transgressions, younger children always inferred protagonists' prosocial behaviors after both guilt-inducing situations and shame-inducing situations. Meanwhile adults made inferences that in less serious transgressions and shame-inducing situations, protagonists might display asocial behaviors mediating shameful feelings. Older children aged 12 years old sometimes made adult-like inferences and sometimes like younger children. The results showing that their inferences were much like adults' but not the same means that these transitional processes may continue during adolescence.In Study 3, the reasoning concerning the transmission of parental values was investigated in Japanese 5^<th> graders by using four stories. In results, 5^<th> graders thought that parents had effects on their children to shape their values in each story. Especially female 5^<th> graders thought that protagonists would acquire one value by observing parental behaviors more than by being taught the value directly. The result suggested the modeling effect in female 5^<th> graders.These studies showed the information of psychological process have an effect on Japanese children's cognition about behaviors from the middle childhood on.

三个研究探讨了儿童对偏差行为、亲社会行为和父母价值观传递的认知。研究1探讨了儿童是否根据主人公的心理过程信息构建了特质推理。当主人公在没有帮助朋友的情况下，在心理上表现出“韩生”等自我改善时，三<rd>、五年级<th>学生和大学生都纠正了对主人公的负面评价。决策时的亲社会判断对3 ~ 5年级学生的特质推理没有影响<rd><th>，但对本科生的影响很小。研究2发现，在关于道德和常规违规行为的基于场景的问题中，年幼的儿童总是推断主人公的亲社会行为在内疚诱导的情况下和羞耻诱导的情况下。同时，成年人推断，在不太严重的违法行为和引发羞耻感的情况下，主人公可能会表现出介导羞耻感的反社会行为。12岁的大一点的孩子有时会做出像成年人一样的推论，有时会像小孩子一样。结果表明，他们的推理与成人的推理很相似，但并不相同，这意味着这些过渡过程可能会继续在青春期。在研究3中，日本五年级学生的推理有关的父母的价值观的传输<th>，使用四个故事进行了调查。结果，五年级<th>学生认为父母在每个故事中对孩子的价值观有影响。尤其是五年级的女生<th>，认为主人公通过观察父母的行为而不是通过直接传授价值观来获得价值观。这些研究表明<th>，日本儿童从童年中期开始，心理过程信息就对日本儿童的行为认知产生影响。

项目成果

Takai Hiromi.: "Antecedents and Behavioral Tendencies in Moral and Conventional Transgressions: The Developmental Process of Differentiating Guilt and Shame"The Japanese Journal of Developmental Psychology, in press.

Takai Hiromi.：“道德和传统越界的前因和行为倾向：区分内疚和羞耻的发展过程”《日本发展心理学杂志》，正在出版。

高井弘弥: "道徳的違反と慣習的違反における罪悪感と恥の理解の分化過程"発達心理学研究. (印刷中).

Hiroya Takai：“理解道德和传统违规行为中的内疚和羞耻的不同过程”发展心理学研究（出版中）。