高齢ドライバーのための「メタ認知教育」支援システムの確立

根据Keskinen的驾驶员行为层次模型，倾向于驾驶技能的训练会导致驾驶员产生不安全行为。这是因为技能训练有时会使司机过于自信。我们一直在开发一种利用CAI系统对老年驾驶员进行危险感知安全培训的新方法。司机被要求在电脑显示的各种交通场景中发现危险。在进行诊断测试之前，培训师要求驾驶员填写一份调查问卷，即驾驶员需要评估自己在几种交通状况下的危险感知能力，如十字路口、拥挤的道路等。在进行危害感知能力的小组讨论后，向他们发放同类问卷。他们再次被要求根据测试结果和讨论来评估他们的危险感知能力。虽然大多数司机在开始时对自己的评价比其他人好，但在看到测试结果并进行讨论后，他们的评价改变得比其他人少。从安全的角度来看，这是一个重要的观点。司机通常有“乐观偏见”的倾向；他们认为自己比别人强。这种意识导致司机做出不安全的行为。Mikkonen提出的“镜像法”对于训练元认知能力非常有用。在这个培训中，受训者不会被强迫做这个或那个。学员只能看自己的行为事实，自己考虑自己的安全。我们为老司机调整了镜像方法。我们可以期待我们的新方法在不久的将来会成为安全培训的主要培训方法之一。

According to the hierarchy model on drivers behavior developed by Keskinen, the training which inclines toward driving skill tends to lead drivers to unsafe behavior. It is because skill training sometimes produces drivers' over confidence. We have been developing a new training method for older drivers safety on hazard perception by using CAI system. Drivers are asked to find hazards in various traffic scenes shown on computer display. Before this diagnostic testing the trainer ask drivers to fill the questionnaire, I.e., drivers have to evaluate their hazard perceptual ability on several traffic situation, e.g., intersections, crowded roads and so on. The same kind of questionnaire is given to them after small group discussion on hazard perceptual ability. They are again asked to evaluate their hazard perceptual ability thinking the test results and the discussion. Although most drivers evaluate themselves better than others in the beginning, they changed their evaluation less than others after looking at the test results and having a discussion. This is an important point from the view point of safety. Drivers usually have a tendency of "optimism bias" ; they think of themselves better than others. This consciousness leads drivers to unsafe behavior. "Mirroring Method" which was developed by Mikkonen is useful for training meta cognitive ability. In this training trainees are not forced to do this or that. Trainees only can look at their own behavioral facts and think of their safety by themselves. We adapted this Mirroring Method for older drivers. We can expect that our new method can be quite useful and become one of the main training methods in the near future for safety training.