高齢ドライバーのための「メタ認知教育」支援システムの確立

建立老年驾驶员“元认知教育”支持体系

基本信息

批准号：
09551003
负责人：
UTAGAWA Takuo
金额：
$ 5.44万
依托单位：
Hokkaido University of Education (1998-1999)Tohoku Institute of Technology (1997)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

According to the hierarchy model on drivers behavior developed by Keskinen, the training which inclines toward driving skill tends to lead drivers to unsafe behavior. It is because skill training sometimes produces drivers' over confidence. We have been developing a new training method for older drivers safety on hazard perception by using CAI system. Drivers are asked to find hazards in various traffic scenes shown on computer display. Before this diagnostic testing the trainer ask drivers to fill the questionnaire, I.e., drivers have to evaluate their hazard perceptual ability on several traffic situation, e.g., intersections, crowded roads and so on. The same kind of questionnaire is given to them after small group discussion on hazard perceptual ability. They are again asked to evaluate their hazard perceptual ability thinking the test results and the discussion. Although most drivers evaluate themselves better than others in the beginning, they changed their evaluation less than others after looking at the test results and having a discussion. This is an important point from the view point of safety. Drivers usually have a tendency of "optimism bias" ; they think of themselves better than others. This consciousness leads drivers to unsafe behavior. "Mirroring Method" which was developed by Mikkonen is useful for training meta cognitive ability. In this training trainees are not forced to do this or that. Trainees only can look at their own behavioral facts and think of their safety by themselves. We adapted this Mirroring Method for older drivers. We can expect that our new method can be quite useful and become one of the main training methods in the near future for safety training.

根据凯斯基宁（Keskinen）开发的驾驶员行为的层次结构模型，倾向于驾驶技能的训练倾向于使驾驶员行为不安全。这是因为技能训练有时会产生驱动力的过度信心。我们一直在使用CAI系统开发一种新的培训方法，以确保较老的驾驶员安全性。要求驾驶员在计算机显示屏上显示的各种交通场景中找到危险。在此诊断测试之前，培训师要求驾驶员填写问卷，即驾驶员必须在几种交通状况中评估其危险感知能力，例如交叉路口，拥挤的道路等。在小组讨论危险感知能力之后，向他们发表了同样的问卷。再次要求他们评估他们的危险感知能力，以思考测试结果和讨论。尽管大多数驾驶员一开始就比其他驾驶员更好地评估自己，但他们在研究了测试结果并进行了讨论后，他们的评价比其他人的变化少于其他人。从安全角度来看，这是一个重要的一点。驾驶员通常具有“乐观偏见”的趋势；他们比别人更好地想到自己。这种意识使驾驶员采取不安全的行为。 Mikkonen开发的“镜像方法”对于训练元认知能力很有用。在这个训练中，学员没有被迫这样做。学员只能研究自己的行为事实，并自己思考自己的安全。我们为老年驾驶员调整了这种镜像方法。我们可以期望我们的新方法非常有用，并成为不久的将来的安全培训的主要培训方法之一。