A Study on the Control of Heat and Moisture States in Enclosed Environments of Ships

封闭空间内环境的热和湿度状态，例如冷藏货船的冷藏舱或空调生活空间，通过具有受控温度的空气强制循环来控制。在空气循环中没有适当平衡的热量和湿度分布的情况下，形成热层和热袋的自然趋势可能使生活空间不舒适并损坏冷藏货物。这使得有必要调查和建立的各种因素，管理这种情况下，通过一个详细的问题的分析。本研究进行了精确的数值调查的热湿环境中的各向异性湍流空气流受到重力的影响，包括扩散项与浮力的影响，也在动量，热量和湿度传输方程。在Launder公式的基础上，提出了雷诺应力、湍流热通量和湿通量的近似表达式。这些表达式是如此明确，扩散项是可微的，引力的影响在动量和热量输运方程中变得直接可见。在一个隔热箱室内，利用湿热空气吹送和放置在地面上的水盘自然蒸发来控制室内的温度和湿度分布，实验测量了室内的气流速度、温度和湿度分布。数值和实验结果进行了比较，以证明目前的理论公式的问题的湍流热湿传输与浮力效应。

The thermal and moisture states of the environment in enclosed spaces, such as the reefer hold of a refrigerated cargo ship or the air-conditioned living spaces, are manipulated by a forced circulation of air with controlled temperatures. The natural tendency to form thermal layers and heat pockets in the absence of properly balanced heat and humidity distributions in the air circulation, could make the living spaces uncomfortable and damage the refrigerated cargo. This makes it necessary to investigate and establish the various factors that govern this situation, through a detailed analysis of the problem.This study makes a precise numerical investigation of the thermal and humid environments in an anisotropic turbulent air flow subjected to gravitational effects, by including the diffusion terms with buoyancy effects also, in the momentum, heat and humidity transport equations. The approximate expressions of Reynolds stresses turbulent heat flux and humid flux based on the Launder's formula are proposed. These expressions are so explicit that the diffusion terms are differentiable and the gravitational influence becomes directly visible in the momentum and heat transport equations. The air flow velocity, temperature and humidity distributions are experimentally measured in a thermally insulated box chamber, in which moist hot air blows and spontaneous evaporation from water pans kept on the floor, were employed to control the temperature and humidity distributions. Numerical and experimental results are compared with each other to justify the present theoretical formulation of the problem of turbulent heat and moisture transfer with buoyancy effects.