A Study on Sensitive Evaluation for Environmental Design of Marine Living Spaces

保持生活和工作环境的舒适性是海工结构设计者必须考虑的问题。当环境条件严重超出舒适度标准时，需要采用灵敏度评价方法，采取与空调系统同节奏的生活方式等补偿措施。为海洋工程结构物环境设计建立了综合敏感性评价方法。本研究项目主要进行了以下研究。(1)为了对人体进行热控制，对人体热平衡方程进行了深入研究，定义了与海洋暴露环境有关的热因子。并将作为工作空间评价指标的人体蓄热量公式简化为由温度、风速、代谢热和衣服热阻组成的函数。该公式可较好地用于判断为保护工人免受恶劣的暴露环境而采取某种补偿结构和合适的热设备的必要性。(2)为了掌握人体热状态与手术温度、代谢热、服装等热环境因素的关系，在恒温恒湿室和阳光环境下，用测功仪进行了运动过程中的实验。在实验的基础上，建立了人体热平衡模型，计算了人体的蓄热量作为热应激指标。

The designers of marine structure have to take into account of keeping living and working environment to be comfort. In a case of the severe condition beyond the criterion of comfortable environment, some measures for compensation, such as a living pace with air conditioning system need to be taken by use of sensitive evaluation. Hence, the methodology of synthetic sensitive evaluation would be established for environmental design of marine structure. The following study was carried out in this research project.(1) The thermal equilibrium equation of human body is investigated finely and the thermal factor related to oceanic exposure environment are defined for the purpose of thermal control of human body. Furthermore, the formula for the heat storage of body which is regarded as the measure for the evaluation of working space, is simplified practically as a function consisted of temperature, wind velocity, metabolic heat and cloth heat resistance. This formula can be desirably used to judge the necessity of some compensated structure and suitable heat equipment for the protection of workers against severe exposure environment.(2) In order to grasp the relation between the thermal state of human body and the thermal environmental factors such as operative temperature, metabolic heat and clothes, the experiment is carried out during the excise by ergo-meter in constant temperature and humidity room and under sunshine environment. Being based on the results of experiment, the heat balance model human body is established with a view of calculating the quantity of heat storage as a heat stress index.