Chemosensitivity test based on the intracellular level of free calcium

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Alterations in concentrations of intracellular free calcium([Ca^<2+>]i) were examined in mouse sarcoma S-180 cells exposed to cisplatin, mitomycin C and adriamycin, as related to cell viability. The [Ca^<2+>]i was measured using the fluorescent Ca^<2+>indicator, fura-2. During the first 24 hr of incubation of the cells in vitro, in the presence of the drugs, the [Ca^<2+>]i was lower than in the control cells. After 24 hr of incubation, the [Ca^<2+>]i began to increase at a time when the cell viability was reduced to 50% of the controls, and finally exceeded 1 muM with reduction to 10%. The increase in [Ca^<2+>]i was reciprocal to the loss of the cell viability. Changed in Ca^<2+> concentrations in the medium did not alter the results. The findings suggest that in the presence of anticancer drugs there is an accumulation of free Ca^<2+> with a release of this ion from internal stores and that cell death follows disruption in the homeostasis of intracellular Ca^<2+>.