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View of life and death as a factor of the longevity -structure and function in Okinawa-

作为长寿因素的生死观-冲绳的结构与功能-

基本信息

批准号：
05301012
负责人：
OHASHI Hideshi
金额：
$ 3.52万
依托单位：
Tohoku University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1993 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05301012/
关键词：
view of life and death Okinawa religion longevity old people ancestor worship シャーマニズムシャーマンユタ長寿社会他界観

项目摘要

The propose of this paper is to consider our hypothesis : a view of life and death supported by Okinawan peculiar religion has been useful for Okinawan people in relaxing stress, and further been a factor of the longevity of Okinawan people. We adopted various approaches ; social psychology, gerontological psychology, and mental health.We carried out questionnaire researches in homes for the aged, field work in community, content analysis of notes of Okinawan shaman "yuta", and content analysis of Okinawan literary work. And thus the following results about the view of life and death were obtained. Old people in Okinawa did not think that their own death resulted in the breaking off the relation with their family. The main reason was that people has believed the cosmology based on ancestor worship, the relation of a person in the next world with his family in this world was maintained by "uchato" (a daily work, offering tea and praying to person in the next world) and various annual events. Therefor it was need for the aged to get family's in this world promise to pray. This promise was a requirement to death without worry and a duty. Doing events of ancestor worship was useful for Okinawan people, especially old women, to relax their stress and maintain their mental health. Old people in the home for the aged have felt psychological conflict and their idea, and there was the gap between the ideal and the real about their own death.As a whole Okinawan peculiar religion as a factor Okinawan longevity and actual problems for the aged were considered.

这篇论文的提出是为了考虑我们的假设：冲绳特有的宗教支持的生死观有助于冲绳人缓解压力，并进一步成为冲绳人长寿的一个因素。采用社会心理学、老年心理学、心理健康等多种研究方法，在敬老院进行问卷调查，在社区进行田野调查，对冲绳巫师《玉田》笔记的内容进行分析，对冲绳文学作品进行内容分析。由此得出了关于生死观的以下几点结论。冲绳的老人并不认为自己的死亡导致了与家人的断绝关系。最主要的原因是，人们一直相信以祖先崇拜为基础的宇宙学，来世的人与来世的家人的关系是通过“uchato”(一种日常工作，向来世的人敬茶和祈祷)和各种年度活动来维持的。因此，老年人在这个世界上需要得到家人的许诺来祈祷。这一诺言是对死亡的要求，没有担心，也没有责任。举办祭祖活动有助于冲绳人，特别是老年妇女缓解压力，保持心理健康。养老院中的老人感受到了心理冲突和自己的想法，对自己的死亡存在着理想和现实的差距。作为一个整体，冲绳特有的宗教作为一个因素被考虑到了冲绳老人的长寿和现实问题。