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A Comparative Study on Circumpolar Cultures-Language, Ecology and Worldview

绕极文化比较研究——语言、生态和世界观

基本信息

批准号：
07301039
负责人：
IRIMOTO Takashi
金额：
$ 2.94万
依托单位：
HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07301039/
关键词：
circumpolar northern cultures shamanism animism cultural revitalization pastoralism hunting 言語生態世界観

项目摘要

The languages, ecologies, and worldviews of circumpolar cultures which extend from Northern Eurasia through Japan to North America were examined from a comparative viewpoint to clarify cultural dynamics - how traditional cultures have changed and remained the same through time. Each investigator seperately studied either the Ainu, Northern Athapaskan, Koryak, Even, Yakut, Chukchi, Inuit and Mongols.In 1995, an international symposium on "Animism and Shamanism in the North" was held at Hokkaido University, where circumpolar cultures were discussed through comparison. As a result, it was revealed that northern shamanism not only functions to clarify the relationship between nature and supernature, but also operates as a core of many cultural revitalization movements, i.e., as a dynamic institution adapting to contemporary social changes. Moreover, the academic terms of animism and shamanism were re-examined and newly defined in an anthropological framework. In 1996, further research was conducted on each circumpolar culture. In 1997, the results were published in a book, "Circumpolar Animism and Shamanism" (Hokkaido University Press).Thus, the original purpose of the research, to clarify contemporary cultural dynamics of northern cultures, was achieved through interdisciplinary comparative research on the languages, ecologies, and worldviews of circumpolar cultures.

从比较的角度考察了从欧亚大陆北部到日本再到北美的极地文化的语言、生态和世界观，以阐明文化动态——传统文化是如何随着时间的推移而变化和保持不变的。每个研究者分别研究了阿伊努人、北阿萨帕斯坎人、科里亚克人、伊文人、雅库特人、楚科奇人、因纽特人和蒙古人。1995年，在北海道大学举行了“北方的万物有灵论和萨满教”国际研讨会，通过比较讨论了极地文化。结果表明，北方萨满教不仅具有澄清自然与超自然之间关系的功能，而且是许多文化复兴运动的核心，即作为一种适应当代社会变化的动态制度。此外，在人类学的框架下，对泛灵论和萨满教的学术术语进行了重新审视和重新定义。1996年，对每个环极文化进行了进一步的研究。1997年，研究结果发表在《极地万物有灵论和萨满教》一书中（北海道大学出版社）。因此，本研究的最初目的是通过对极地文化的语言、生态和世界观的跨学科比较研究来阐明北方文化的当代文化动态。