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A Cultural Anthropological Study on the Ainu Cultural Changes and Cultural Revitalization Movements

阿伊努文化变迁与文化复兴运动的文化人类学研究

基本信息

批准号：
06610280
负责人：
IRIMOTO Takashi
金额：
$ 1.22万
依托单位：
Hokkaido University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06610280/
关键词：
Ainu Cultural changes Cultural revitalization movements Cultural anthropology Shamanism

项目摘要

Cultural anthropological data on the Ainu cultural changes and cultural revitalization movements have been collected and analyzed, on the basis of bibliographical sources and field observations. For this purpose, traditional Ainu rituals such as the first salmon ceremony and the ancestor worship, and the contemporary cultural activities including Ainu language schools and cultural lectures were investigated. Also, the subjective views of cultural changes and cultural revitalization movements by the Ainu themselves were interviewed .As a result, it is clarified that some Ainu have actively promoted the cultural revitalization movements. On the other hand, others have not been interested in the movement itself and they are just seeing Ainu culture as a means of livelihood for tourism. Such a differentiation may arise not only from different social conditions, but from the different individual character, by which the Ainu ethnic identity is recognized and operated. Further, it is pointed out that the cultural revitalization movements were developed, consciously or unconsciously, within the traditional Ainu cultural framework, i.e., theidea of reciprocity between man and deities (kamui) and the original oneness between them. Then, the shamanisticworldview has been playing a major role even in the contemporary Ainu cultural revitalization movements.

本研究以文献资料及田野观察为基础，搜集阿伊努人文化变迁与文化复兴运动的文化人类学资料，并加以分析。为此目的，调查了传统的阿伊努仪式，如第一次鲑鱼仪式和祖先崇拜，以及当代文化活动，包括阿伊努语言学校和文化讲座。此外，还采访了阿伊努人自己对文化变迁和文化复兴运动的主观看法，结果表明，一些阿伊努人积极推动了文化复兴运动。另一方面，其他人对运动本身并不感兴趣，他们只是将阿伊努文化视为旅游业的生计手段。这种区别不仅可能产生于不同的社会条件，而且可能产生于不同的个人性格，而阿伊努人的民族身份正是通过这种性格得到承认和发挥作用的。此外，它指出，文化复兴运动是有意识或无意识地在传统的阿伊努文化框架内发展起来的，即，人神之间的相互作用和他们之间的原始同一性的想法。萨满教的世界观甚至在当代阿伊努文化复兴运动中也发挥了重要作用。