Cultural Anthropological Study on Inter-cultural Conflict and Conflict Resolution

自1971年以来，复兴阿伊努人文化运动的兴起在阿伊努人要求土著权利的政治运动的发展中发挥了核心作用。因此，根据阿伊努人的要求，1899年制定的《北海道原住民保护法》被废除，取而代之的是《关于复兴阿伊努人文化和传播及启蒙阿伊努人传统知识的法律》。这项新法律涉及阿伊努人文化，与旧法律不同，旧法律涉及阿伊努人的生存。这部法律是通过少数群体和民族国家之间的协调、妥协和遵守而制定的。然而，对于阿伊努人来说，他们的理想和现实之间的冲突所造成的矛盾情绪可以在这部法律中看到。本文从人类学和民族学的角度考察了过去的种族间冲突，甚至包括持不同政见者的爆炸事件，转变为一场提出文化和政治诉求的非暴力运动，并通过包括政治话语中的双重解释策略在内的冲突解决方法，导致了新法律的制定。

Since 1971, the rise of the movement for revival of Ainu culture has played a central role in the growth of an Ainu political movement to demand their indigenous rights. As a result, the Law of Protection for Former Natives in Hokkaido, which was established 1899, was abolished and replaced, based on Ainu demands, by the "Law Concerning Revival of Ainu Culture and Dissemination and Enlightenment of Knowledge about Ainu Traditions." This new law concerns Ainu culture, in contrast with old law, which dealt with the subsistence of the Ainu. This law was established through coordination, compromise and compliance between the minority group and the Nation-state. For the Ainu, however, feelings of ambivalence caused by the conflict between their ideals and reality can be seen in this law. This paper examined, from anthropological and ethnological viewpoints, the process in which the inter-ethnic conflict of the past, which even involved bombings by dissidents, changed to a non-violent movement making cultural and political demands, leading to the establishment of the new law through a conflict resolving method including a strategy of double interpretation in political discourse.