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Comparative Study on Northern Peoples in North-Eastern Asia

东北亚北方民族比较研究

基本信息

批准号：
08041001
负责人：
IRIMOTO Takashi
金额：
$ 2.94万
依托单位：
HOKKAIDO UVIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08041001/
关键词：
Mongol Yakut Koryak Herding Worldview Ritual Cultural Identity Cultural Revitalization Movements ヤク-トコリヤ-ク

项目摘要

Based on cultural anthropological data gained from field investigations from 1996 to 1999, the dynamic relationships between the ecology of northern peoples in Northeast Asia and their world views were classified and analyzed. As a result, common shamanistic world views and rituals were observed in the cultures of ethnic groups in Northeastern Asia, even though natural conditions and forms of pastoral economy were different. These groups include the Yakut of the Sakha Republic who breed horses and cattle in northern forests, the Mongols of Inner Mongolia who graze horses, sheep, goats and cattle on northern prairies and the Koryak of northern Kamchatka of the Russian Federation who graze reindeer on the northern tundra.It was also revealed that the revival of traditional rituals is promoted in these areas based on this shamanistic world view and that it is closely connected with the formation of their cultural identities. In the case of the Yakut, the revival and performance of their most important ritual, Ysyakh (midsummer festival) has been the centerpiece of the revival of their shamanism and culture as a symbol of the Yakut's ecology and world view, as well as the basis of their ethnic identity. The Koryak are striving to maintain and reproduce their traditional culture, through hunting ritual based on the shamanistic world view. In Inner Mongolia, shamanism is practiced in the form of singing and dancing for healing, and it can be pointed out that it is closely related to their world view and the reproduction of the identity of the Mongols.

根据1996 ~ 1999年的文化人类学田野调查资料，对东北亚北方民族的生态与世界观之间的动态关系进行了分类和分析。因此，尽管自然条件和畜牧经济形式不同，但在东北亚各民族的文化中观察到共同的萨满教世界观和仪式。这些群体包括萨哈共和国的雅库特人，他们在北方森林里饲养马和牛，内蒙古的蒙古人，他们放牧马，羊，俄罗斯联邦北方草原上的山羊和牛以及在北方苔原上放牧驯鹿的北方堪察加半岛的科里亚克人。这与他们的文化身份的形成密切相关。在雅库特人的情况下，他们最重要的仪式的复兴和表演，Ysyakh（仲夏节）一直是他们萨满教和文化复兴的核心，作为雅库特人生态和世界观的象征，以及他们民族认同的基础。科里亚克人正努力通过基于萨满教世界观的狩猎仪式来保持和再现他们的传统文化。在内蒙古，萨满教以歌舞治病的形式进行，可以指出，这与他们的世界观和蒙古族身份的再现密切相关。