Cultural Anthropological Study on Ethnic Symbiosis

今天，关于种族冲突和冲突解决的研究在世界许多地方都可以看到，成为人类学研究的一个重要趋势。在本研究项目中，从文化人类学的角度对民族共生可能有助于冲突解决的机制进行了科学和实证的分析。通过参与观察和访谈，对阿伊努人政治文化运动的发展过程中发现的文化复兴运动、政治经济诉求和法律决议、关于民族共生过程的叙述进行了记录，特别是将阿伊努人死亡仪式的复兴作为种族冲突和冲突解决的过程和葬礼仪式进行了讨论，并从人类学的角度分析了关于它们的各种话语。因此，从我的发现中可以明显看出：(1)阿伊努人死亡仪式的复兴是作为一种种族认同的实践；(2)通过结合佛教和阿伊努人的葬礼仪式来解决冲突，使得共生的思想成为可能；(3)非阿伊努人和阿伊努人在民族共生的形成方面发挥了重要作用。这些发现被提交给第15届国际人类学和民族学大会种族冲突和冲突解决部分，第15届国际人类学和民族学大会第十五届ICAES2K3“人类/自然的互动：过去、现在和未来”，佛罗伦萨大学，2003年。

Today, studies on ethnic conflicts and conflict resolutions, which can be seen in many places in the world, become to be an important trend in anthropological researches. In this research project, the mechanisms of ethnic symbiosis which may contribute to conflict resolutions were scientifically and empirically analyzed from the cultural anthropological point of view. The cultural revitalization movements, political-economic demands and legal resolutions, narratives on the processes of ethnic symbiosis, which are found in the developments of the Ainu political-cultural movements, have been recorded by photos, VTR, and audio tapes, through participation observations and interviews.In particular the revival of the Ainu death ritual was discussed as processes of ethnic conflict and conflict resolution and funeral rites and various discourses on them were analyzed from an anthropological viewpoint. As a result, the following are apparent from my finding : (1)The revival of the Ainu death ritual was performed as a practice of ethnic identity, (2)The idea of symbiosis was behind the conflict resolution made possible by combining the Buddhist and Ainu methods for funeral rites, (3)Non-Ainu Japanese and Ainu assumed the important agency in terms of the formation of ethnic symbiosis.These findings were presented at the Section of Ethnic Conflicts and Conflict Resolutions, the 15th International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences XV ICAES2K3 "Humankind/Nature Interaction : Past, Present and Future, "Florence, University of Florence,2003.