Cultural Anthropological Study on Ethnic Symbiosis

当代人类学研究的一个重要趋势是对民族冲突及其解决的研究，这种研究在世界许多地方都有。本研究从文化人类学的角度，对民族共生的冲突解决机制进行了科学和实证的分析。在阿伊努人政治文化运动的发展过程中发现的文化振兴运动、政治经济要求和法律的决议、关于种族共生过程的叙述都被照片、录像机和录音带记录下来，通过参与、观察和访谈，特别讨论了阿伊努人死亡仪式的恢复，认为这是种族冲突和解决冲突的过程，也是葬礼的过程，从人类学的角度分析了关于它们的各种论述。因此，从我的调查结果中可以明显看出：（1）阿伊努人死亡仪式的复兴是作为一种民族认同的做法而进行的，（2）共生的思想是通过将佛教和阿伊努人的葬礼方法相结合来解决冲突的背后，（3）非─日本阿伊努人和阿伊努人承担了民族共生形成的重要媒介。冲突与冲突解决，第15届国际人类学和民族学大会第十五届ICAES 2K 3“人类/自然互动：过去、现在和未来“，佛罗伦萨，佛罗伦萨大学，2003年。

Today, studies on ethnic conflicts and conflict resolutions, which can be seen in many places in the world, become to be an important trend in anthropological researches. In this research project, the mechanisms of ethnic symbiosis which may contribute to conflict resolutions were scientifically and empirically analyzed from the cultural anthropological point of view. The cultural revitalization movements, political-economic demands and legal resolutions, narratives on the processes of ethnic symbiosis, which are found in the developments of the Ainu political-cultural movements, have been recorded by photos, VTR, and audio tapes, through participation observations and interviews.In particular the revival of the Ainu death ritual was discussed as processes of ethnic conflict and conflict resolution and funeral rites and various discourses on them were analyzed from an anthropological viewpoint. As a result, the following are apparent from my finding : (1)The revival of the Ainu death ritual was performed as a practice of ethnic identity, (2)The idea of symbiosis was behind the conflict resolution made possible by combining the Buddhist and Ainu methods for funeral rites, (3)Non-Ainu Japanese and Ainu assumed the important agency in terms of the formation of ethnic symbiosis.These findings were presented at the Section of Ethnic Conflicts and Conflict Resolutions, the 15th International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences XV ICAES2K3 "Humankind/Nature Interaction : Past, Present and Future, "Florence, University of Florence,2003.