Enhancement of the cryopreservation suvivability and regenerative capacity of plant tissues for genetic resources cryopreservation in horticultural crops.

园艺作物遗传资源的冷冻保存技术是由组织培养的植物再生技术和使冻融组织存活的各种技术相结合而成的。这项研究考察了与技术有关的基本现象。组织培养植株再生体系的建立。(1)在软枣猕猴桃中，通过黄化培养可以实现短时间内的微繁，黄化培养中，从离体培养的现芽节段中取出的节段，在黑暗中培养。(2)猕猴桃叶柄培养获得的芽均形成根并发育成植株。(3)猕猴桃（Actinidia kolomikta）的系统与猕猴桃（Actinidia polygama）相同。组织抗冻能力的变化。(1)秋冬两季冷驯化期间，田间生长的金银花茎尖抗冻性提高，含水量降低，三糖含量增加。冷驯化提高了其节段的抗冻性。(2)大田栽培的芦笋茎尖，预培养提高了其糖吸收能力、脱水能力和抗冻能力。冷冻和解冻组织的存活。(1)田间培养的软枣猕桃树侧芽经冷冻液浸泡、慢冷脱水和液氮浸泡低温保存后，成活率达50%。(2)从软枣猕猴桃芽中取出外芽，冷驯化（5 C，4周+0 C，2周）或预培养（高糖浓度培养基2天）均可促进其成活率。本研究结果对今后植物遗传资源的低温保存有一定的参考价值。

A cryopreservation technique of genetic resources of horticultural crops consists of a combination of the tissue culture-derived plant regeneration technique and the various technique which enables survival of the frozen-thawed tissues. This study examined fundamental phenomena relating to the techniques.1.Establishment of plant regeneration systems through tissue culure. (1), In Actinidia arguta, micropropagation in a short period could be realized through etiolation culture in which nodal segments excised from the cultures, which were derived from in vitro culture of nodal segments of current shoots, were cultured in the dark. (2), All shoots obtained in Actinidia polygama petiole culture formed roots and developed into plantlets. (3), Actinidia kolomikta showed the same system as in Actinidia polygama..2.Changes in freezing tolerance of tissues. (1), In cold acclimation period through autumn and winter, shoot tips of Lonicera caerulea var. emphyllocalyx growing in field rose its freezing tolerance, lowered water content, and increase tri saccharides. Cold acclimation of cultures increased freezing tolerance of its nodal segments. (2), In shoot tips of Asparagus officinalis growinng in the field, preculture enhanced sugar uptake, dehydration and freezing tolerance rise.3.Survival of tissues frozen and thawed. (1), Lateral buds of Actinidia arguta grown in field showed 50% survival after the freezing solution-immersion, slow cooling-dehydration, and liquid nitrogen-immersion cryopreservation. (2), Inlateral buds excised from shoots of Actinidia arguta cultures, cold acclimation (5ﾟC,4weeks+0ﾟC,2 weeks) or preculture (a high sugar concentration-medium 2 days) promoted survival.The results obtained in this study are considered to contribute to the plant genetic resources cryopreservation in future.