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Enhancement of the cryopreservation suvivability and regenerative capacity of plant tissues for genetic resources cryopreservation in horticultural crops.

增强植物组织的低温保存生存能力和再生能力，用于园艺作物遗传资源的低温保存。

基本信息

批准号：
07456012
负责人：
HARADA Takashi
金额：
$ 4.54万
依托单位：
HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

A cryopreservation technique of genetic resources of horticultural crops consists of a combination of the tissue culture-derived plant regeneration technique and the various technique which enables survival of the frozen-thawed tissues. This study examined fundamental phenomena relating to the techniques.1.Establishment of plant regeneration systems through tissue culure. (1), In Actinidia arguta, micropropagation in a short period could be realized through etiolation culture in which nodal segments excised from the cultures, which were derived from in vitro culture of nodal segments of current shoots, were cultured in the dark. (2), All shoots obtained in Actinidia polygama petiole culture formed roots and developed into plantlets. (3), Actinidia kolomikta showed the same system as in Actinidia polygama..2.Changes in freezing tolerance of tissues. (1), In cold acclimation period through autumn and winter, shoot tips of Lonicera caerulea var. emphyllocalyx growing in field rose its freezing tolerance, lowered water content, and increase tri saccharides. Cold acclimation of cultures increased freezing tolerance of its nodal segments. (2), In shoot tips of Asparagus officinalis growinng in the field, preculture enhanced sugar uptake, dehydration and freezing tolerance rise.3.Survival of tissues frozen and thawed. (1), Lateral buds of Actinidia arguta grown in field showed 50% survival after the freezing solution-immersion, slow cooling-dehydration, and liquid nitrogen-immersion cryopreservation. (2), Inlateral buds excised from shoots of Actinidia arguta cultures, cold acclimation (5ﾟC,4weeks+0ﾟC,2 weeks) or preculture (a high sugar concentration-medium 2 days) promoted survival.The results obtained in this study are considered to contribute to the plant genetic resources cryopreservation in future.

园艺作物遗传资源的冷冻保存技术由组织培养衍生的植物再生技术和能够使冷冻-解冻的组织存活的各种技术的组合组成。本研究探讨了与之相关的基本现象：1.组织培养再生体系的建立。(1)猕猴桃（Actinidia acutta）的离体茎段培养物经黄化培养，在黑暗中培养，可实现短时间内的微繁殖。(2)在猕猴桃叶柄培养中，所有的芽都能生根并发育成植株。(3)结果表明，猕猴桃属的系统与多花猕猴桃属的系统相同。2.组织抗冻性的变化。(1)在秋、冬季冷驯化过程中，蓝紫牡丹茎尖的生长发育受到抑制。田间生长的假萼提高了其抗寒性，降低了含水量，增加了蒸腾速率。冷驯化培养物提高了其节段的抗冻性。(2)在大田条件下，预培养提高了芦笋茎尖对糖的吸收，提高了茎尖的脱水能力和抗冻性。(1)野外生长的猕猴桃侧芽经冷冻液浸泡、缓冷脱水和液氮浸泡超低温保存后，成活率均在50%以上。(2)结果表明，从猕猴桃试管苗上切取内侧芽，低温驯化（5 ℃，4周+0 ℃，2周）或预培养（高糖培养基2天）均能提高成活率，为进一步开展植物遗传资源的超低温保存提供了实验依据。