Agricultural landscape changing due to social and economical structure change and formation process for safety environment in the mountainous rural village in the area of Japan's Southern Alps

本研究以“日本南阿尔卑斯山区农村社会经济结构变化和安全环境形成过程中的农业景观变化”为题，对以下两个主题进行了研究：（1）传统农业系统及其技术的细节以及对农业的影响。农村土地利用向安全环境转变任务。(2)山地农村耕地丰缺对安全作业环境的影响及土地改良对防止安全作业环境的影响。首先，就主题1对上村村进行了调查研究。一个陡峭的山坡殖民地，下栗，是在上村村，位于山坡上，那里的斜坡约。日本南部阿尔卑斯山地区的20度或更高。那里进行了连续的覆盖香料农业。这说明了为什么下栗的土壤特性仍然延续着传统的耕作制度。结果显示， ...更多信息 下栗的低层土壤中有高度集中的岩石，直径小于20毫米，在浅层土壤中。防止因雨水冲击能量减少而造成的水土流失。此外，连续喷洒肥料和作物垃圾覆盖物保持表层土壤柔软和高电导率。第二次调查是在新泻的Makimura村进行的，该村是土地滑坡区的典型农业用地。有许多适合滑坡区的农业技术.在灌溉用水短缺的地区，农民通常在收割水稻后立即进行水坑。同时，该地区的农民还不断地对稻田沟渠进行压实，以减少旁渗造成的水分损失。最后，以天龙川的大分支三富川流域为研究对象，在此基础上，本使命提出了“同心模式”的区域分区规划。(1)稻田，所谓的田田，没有被调整，应该仍然是文化景观的象征，他们的位置是在该地区的同心圆的中间。然而，面积有限。(2)位于（1）区域周围的大部分水稻梯田作为农业生产区，并通过各种土地整理方法进行调整。(3)位于（2）农业区外的弃耕地，按粗放经营管理。(4)里山地区在山区最球形的部分得到适当的管理。通过在小前、小所、长野等地采用该模型，取得了良好的效果。少

In this study, 'Agricultural landscape changing due to social and economical structure change and formation process for safety environment in the mountainous rural village in the area of Japan's Southern Alps', has investigated on following 2 main themes, (1)On the details for traditional agricultural systems and its skills and how impact the agricultural. land use changing to safety environment in task in rural village. (2) Influences of farmland abundance in mountainous rural village for safety task environment and land improvement for to prevent the less for safety environment.First of all, on the theme 1 had investigated and studied in Kamimura village. A steep s-lope colony, Shimoguri, is in Kamimura village, located in a mountainside where slope are ca. 20 degree or more of Japan's Southern Alps region. There have carried continuous mulch spices farming. It made clear why there currently continuous the traditional farming system on the soil properties of Shimoguri. The results sh … More ow soils in Shimoguri have high concentration of rocks, smaller than 20mm diameter, in shallow soil. And it prevent for soil erosion due to impact energy reduce of rain. In addition, continuous spray of manures and mulch by crops' rubbishes keep surface soil soft and high conductivity. Second investigation was carried in Makimura village, Niigata where is typical agricultural land use on lands slide area. There are many skillful agricultural techniques for suit on land slide area. In the area of water shortage for irrigation, farmers usually have done puddling immediately after harvesting their rice. And also in that area, farmers keep compact the paddy ditch for save water loss by beside infiltration. Finally, in the watershed of Mibugawa River, a big branch of Tenryugawa River, was selected as study area where a typical area of increasing town land use instead of agricultural land use.Based on these investigation results, this mission proposes 'Concentric Model' for regional zoning plan that details as follows. (1) The rice terraces, so call Tanada, were not readjusted, should remain as a symbol of cultural landscape, and their locations are in the middle of concentric circled in the region. However, the area is limited. (2) Most of rice terraces surrounding the area located in (1) are working as agricultural production area, and they are readjusted by various land consolidation method. (3) Abandoned farmlands, which are located outer agricultural area of (2), are managed as extensive farming. (4) Satoyama areas are managed appropriately at the most spherical parts of mountainous. According to adopt this model in Obasute, Koshoku, Nagano shows excellent results. Less