RESEARCH ON THE FORMATION OF HAKKA IDENTITY AMONG MODERN HAKKA PUBLIC FIGURES

现代客家公众人物客家身份的形成研究

• 批准号: 13610352
• 负责人: SEGAWA Masahisa
• 金额: $ 0.64万
• 依托单位: TOHOKU UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13610352/
• 关键词: Hakka Chinese; early modern China; public figures; Sun Yat-sen; Chen Qiongming; Chen Mingshu; ethnic identity; personal identity and collective identity; 孫中山; 陳とう明; 広東省; 系譜; 人脈; アイデンティティー; 中国近代史; 〓小平

Review of the life history of so called "Hakka" heroes in martial or political scene of early Modern China such as Sun Yat-sen, Chen Mingshu, and Chen Qiongming suggests that their identification as Hakka was merely a result of speculation made by some Hakka ideologues of later days rather than derived directly from their own articulation in their lifetime. Through the analysis of the formative process of discourse on their "Hakkaness", I found two patterns of association that were frequently followed by Hakka ideologues in their efforts to prove the Hakka origin of these heroes. One is the association based on the native place or the name of the prefecture where these heroes were born. Once they were identified as originated from a region containing some speakers of Hakka dialect, they were immediately classified as Hakka. Another pattern is the association based on the genealogical investigations which trace back their ancesty. If there found any slight possibility of genealogical connection to a Hakka family line, they were automatically treated as Hakka descendants. In both cases, it does not a matter how these persons identified themselves and used their ethnic label in their course of life. Native place and patrilineal descent were very essential attributes of a person in late imperial China. We can see that Hakka ideologues who aimed at praising and enhancing the ethnic "superiority" of Hakka invoked these traditional patterns very skillfully in making the "Hakkaness" of these public figures socio-culturally acceptable for other people.

回顾所谓的“ hakka”英雄在现代早期中国的武术或政治场景中，例如sun yat-sen，Chen Mingshu和Chen Qiongmming，这表明他们作为Hakka的认同只是后来的某些Hakka意识形态的猜测，而不是直接从他们自己的一生中产生的Hakka意识形态。通过分析对其“ hakkaness”的演讲过程的分析，我发现了两种结合模式，这些模式经常随后是Hakka意识形态，以证明这些英雄的Hakka起源。一个是基于这些英雄出生的本地地方或县名的协会。一旦被确定为来自包含一些Hakka方言的地区的地区，它们就立即被归类为Hakka。另一种模式是基于谱系调查的关联，这些调查追溯了他们的传教。如果发现与Hakka家族线的谱系连接的可能性很小，它们会自动将其视为Hakka后代。在这两种情况下，这些人如何认同自己并在他们的生活过程中使用自己的种族标签都无关。本地地方和父系血统是中国晚期人的非常重要的属性。我们可以看到，旨在赞扬和增强哈卡的种族“优越性”的哈卡意识形态非常巧妙地唤起了这些传统模式，以使这些公共人物的“ hakkaness”在社会文化上可以接受。

项目成果

Masahisa SEGAWA: "Kantonshou Kaihouken no Kanzoku no chihoubunka to Souzoku (Local Culture and Lineage of Han Chinese in Haifeng, Guangdong Province)"Tohoku Asian Kenkyuu (Northeast Asian Studies). Vol.6. 1-25 (2002)

濑川雅久：《Kantonshou Kaihouken no Kanzoku no chihoubunka to Souzoku（广东省海丰汉族的地方文化和世系）》《东北亚洲研究》。

瀬川 昌久: "客家語と客家のエスニックバウンダリーについての再考"塚田誠之編中国における諸民族の移動と文化の動態(仮題)、風饗社。. (発表予定). (2002)

濑川正久：《客家语言与客家民族界限的再思考》，冢田正之主编（暂定名），冬社社。

瀬川 昌久: "広東省海豊県の漢族の地方文化と宗族"東北アジア研究. 6号. 1-25 (2002)

濑川正久：“广东省海丰县汉族的地方文化与部落”，东北亚研究，第6期，第1-25期（2002）。

瀬川 昌久(編著): "文化のディスプレイ-東北アジア諸社会における博物館、観光、そして民族文化の再編"風響杜. 262 (2003)

濑川正久（编辑）：“文化展示 - 博物馆、旅游和东北亚社会民族文化的重组” Fukyo Mori 262 (2003)。

Masahisa SEGAWA (Shigeyuki TSUKADA ed.): "Hakkago to Hakka no Ethnic Boundary ni kansuru Saikou (Some recondsideratins on the Hakka Dialect and hakka Ethnic Boundary)"Minzoku no Idou to Bunka no Doutai : Chuugoku Shuuenchiiki no Rekishi to Genzai (Ethnic

濑川雅久（冢田繁之主编）：《Hakkago to Hakka no Ethnic Boundary ni kansuru Saikou》（关于客家方言和客家民族边界的一些再思考）《Minzoku no Idou to Bunka no Doutai : Chuugoku Shuuenchiiki no Rekishi to Genzai》