Bisphosphonate incadronate prevents total gastrectomy-induced osteopenia in rats

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PURPOSE : Total gastrectomy(GX) leads to osteopenia. We examined the effects of bisphosphonate incadronate(INC), a potent inhibitor of bone resorption, on bone characteristics in rats that underwent total GX. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN : Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups : (1)sham-operation (n=10), (2)total GX control (n=6), (3)total GX with 0.3 mg/kg/day oral administration of INC (n=7), and (4)total GX with 3.0 mg/kg/day oral administration of INC (n=7). RESULTS : Total GX significantly impaired bone mineral density ; these effects were prevented by treatment with INC. Similarly, in GX control rats, morphometrical changes of femoral metaphysis stained with Villanueva's and Villanueva-Goldner's : bone volume, tissue volume, mineral apposition rate, labeled/bone surface, bone formation rate, osteoid volume, mineralization lag time as well as serum osteocalcin, and urinary deoxypyridinoline demonstrated simultaneous existences of both osteomalacia and osteopenia ; these impairments were also prevented by INC. However, GX-induced decrease in serum levels of calcium as well as 25-hydroxyvitamin D/24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and the increase in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were not prevented by administration of INC. CONCLUSIONS : These results enhance the understanding of unique pathophysiology of both osteomalacia and osteoporosis induced by total GX and suggest the possibility of INC preventive therapy for osteopenia in GX-treated patients.