Analytical Research on the Relationship between Science Teachers' Value of Science and Method of Science Teaching

什么样的科学教学方法取决于教师对科学本质的认识和教学经验？有很多地区的年轻教师在有经验的教师的指导下，能够在在职培训中改进他们的科学教学方法。假设-演绎教学是一种传统的以观察和实验为主的教学方法。而且，初高中科学教学中要教给学生的科学内容非常多，这就要求以科学知识为中心的教学。探究科学教师对“科学的本质”的理解与科学教学方法之间的关系是本研究的主要目的。科学教师对科学本质的认识基本上是传统的，在科学教学中强调归纳或演绎的方式。然而，讲课的方法和技巧通常是用来促进学生的理解-…更多的科学知识作为内容，因为入学考试。因此，大多数教师在科学教学中忽视了“NOS”。针对65名初中科学教师设计了“科学教学中科学性质的处理”问卷，共16项，并与大学生（理科生）的调查结果进行了比较。在本研究中，纸卷测试的16个调查项目包括“科学教学中的科学本质”和根据McComas W.F（2000）的研究设计的“科学家所做的科学”。以下是本研究的主要结果：(1)教师对科学的有限性（学习内容的效用）的认识比学生更肯定；(2)教师对科学想象要素（根据学生的想法进行观察和实验）的理解比学生更为极端消极；(3)学生对实验的作用（以实验引领科学）的认识比教师更肯定；(4)教师和学生必须对科学知识的试探性、先入为主、科学的主观性以及推理在科学的文化和科学中的作用有肯定的认识。可以说，正确审视科学教师教育中的“对科学本质的认识”是必要的。此外，在以科学的本质为基础的科学教学实践中，引入学生的观察、实验和讨论的意义是必要的。在科学教学的实践和评价中，科学教学的动态改进具有十分重要的意义和本质。少

What method of science teaching depends on teacher's idea of the Nature of Science and his/her teaching experience? There are a lot of districts where young teachers are mentored by the experienced teachers and are able to improve their method of science teaching in inservice training. The hypothesis-deductive instruction is a traditional method which observation and the experiment are emphasized. Moreover, the content of science is very large to teach students, which require science knowledge centered instruction in science teaching in junior and senior high schools. To identify the relationship between science teachers' understanding of "The Nature of Science (NOS)" and method of science teaching is main purpose in this research. The science teachers' understanding of the nature of science are fundamentally traditional, which emphasize the inductive or deductive way in science teaching. However, the lecture methods and techniques is usually used to promote students' understanding of- … More the science knowledge as content because of the entrance examinations. So most of teachers ignore "NOS" in science teaching.We designed the questionnaire concerning "Handling of the nature of science in the science teaching" which has 16 items for 65 junior high school science teachers, compared with the result of the university students (science major). In this research, 16 investigation item of paper test consist of "the Nature of Science in science teaching" and "Science which the scientist did" which was designed based on the research by McComas W.F (2000). The followings were the main results of this research ; (1) The teachers' understanding on the limit of the science (utility of the content of study) is more affirmative than that of the students ; (2) The teachers understanding on the imaginative elements of the science (execution of the observation and the experiment based on student's idea) is more extremely negative than the students ; (3) The students' understanding of the role of the experiment (The science is led by the experiment) is more affirmative than that of the teachers ; and, (4) The teachers and the students must be affirmative on the understanding in the tentativeness of science knowledge, the preconception, the subjectivity of the science, and the role of the inference in the culture and the science of the science.It can be said that it is necessary to review "the understanding of the Nature of Science" in the science teacher education correctly. Moreover, introducing the meaning of the observation and the experiment and the discussions by the students in the practice of the science teaching by which the nature of the science is assumed to be a base is necessary. In the practice and the evaluation of science teaching will be very important and essentially to improve science teaching dynamically. Less