Lifespan Changes of Hypermnesia and forgetting

记忆亢进是指在连续测试中没有重新学习的改善。本研究的目的在于阐明记忆过度和遗忘的原因，并从生命周期的角度来发现记忆过度和遗忘。我们做了五项研究。第一项研究从理论角度回顾了记忆过度的研究文献，并提出了一个关于意识-无意识问题的新方法。根据这一建议，第二个研究比较了三种文字记忆任务：再认，词干回忆，自由回忆，使用一个重复的测试程序，需要记住/知道判断。虽然没有发现记忆过度，但在连续的测试中，记忆判断有减少的趋势，而认知判断有增加的趋势。第三个研究包括三个实验，分别对表象假说、替代提取途径假说和意义添加过程假说进行了理论检验。这项研究表明，一个假设依赖于记忆任务的条件。第四项关于寿命变化的研究表明，记忆过度在幼儿和老年人中没有发现，而在小学儿童和年轻人中发现。最后一项研究使用加工分离程序提供了证据，表明意识成分是记忆过度的主要原因。

Hypermnesia refers to improvement across successive tests without re-study. Purposes of this study are to clarify the causes of Hypermnesia and forgetting and to find the hypermnesia and forgetting in perspective of lifespan. We have done five researches. The first research reviewed many papers on hypermnesia in terms of theoretical points and suggested a new approach concerning conscious-unconscious issues. According to the suggestion, the second research compared three kinds of verbal memory tasks : recognition, word-stem recall, and free recall, using a repeated testing procedure requiring remember/know judgment. Although hypermnesia was not found, there was a tendency for remember judgments to decrease and for know judgment to increase over successive tests. The third research, consisting of three experiments, was done for theoretical examinations of the imagery hypothesis, the alternative retrieval pathway hypothesis and the meaning-adding process hypothesis. This research suggested that a hypothesis depended on a condition of memory tasks. The fourth research on lifespan changes indicated that hypermnesia was not found in younger children and older adults, while it was found in elemental school children and young adults. The last research using the process dissociation procedure provided evidences of the conscious component as an main cause of hypermnesia.