Explicit and Implicit Memory in the aged : Searching for factors to prevent declining memory

老年人的外显记忆和内隐记忆：寻找防止记忆衰退的因素

• 批准号: 08451024
• 负责人: OHTA Nobuo
• 金额: $ 2.94万
• 依托单位: University of Tsukuba
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1996 至 1998
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08451024/
• 关键词: implicit memory; Explicit memory; aging; priming; episodic memory; recognition memory; proceding memory; hypermnesia; 老人

In the Experiment 1, we compared explicit and implicit memory in the aged with those in the young, in terms of perceptual priming, conceptual priming and recognition. We found that although the magnitude of priming for the aged and the young was similar in the case of perceptual priming, there were differences in the levels of conceptual priming. Conceptual priming in the aged showed faster decay compared to perceptual priming. In terms of explicit memory, performance for the aged was worse than for the young, especially when items were encoded at the conceptual or semantic levels.Experiment 2 dealt with procedural memory in the performance of problem solving tasks. The results showed that procedural memory in the aged is preserved at similar levels in the young. However, the quality of procedural memory in the young and the old differs, with procedural memory in the aged being based on motor-sensation processing, whereas this is based on cognitive-strategic processing in the young. In Experiment 3, although hypermnesia was found in the young, none was found in the old, however, it is uncertain why this was so.

实验一从知觉启动、概念启动和再认三个方面比较了老年人和青年人的外显记忆和内隐记忆。我们发现，尽管老年人和年轻人在知觉启动方面的启动程度相似，但在概念启动方面存在差异。老年人的概念启动比知觉启动衰减得更快。在外显记忆方面，老年人的表现比年轻人差，尤其是当项目被编码在概念或语义水平。实验2处理程序记忆在问题解决任务的表现。结果表明，老年人的程序性记忆在年轻人中保持在类似的水平。然而，年轻人和老年人的程序性记忆的质量不同，老年人的程序性记忆是基于运动感觉处理，而年轻人的程序性记忆是基于认知策略处理。在实验3中，虽然年轻人出现记忆力减退，但老年人却没有出现记忆力减退，但尚不清楚原因。