Explicit and Implicit Memory in the aged : Searching for factors to prevent declining memory

老年人的外显记忆和内隐记忆：寻找防止记忆衰退的因素

• 批准号: 08451024
• 负责人: OHTA Nobuo
• 金额: $ 2.94万
• 依托单位: University of Tsukuba
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1996 至 1998
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08451024/
• 关键词: implicit memory; Explicit memory; aging; priming; episodic memory; recognition memory; proceding memory; hypermnesia; 老人

In the Experiment 1, we compared explicit and implicit memory in the aged with those in the young, in terms of perceptual priming, conceptual priming and recognition. We found that although the magnitude of priming for the aged and the young was similar in the case of perceptual priming, there were differences in the levels of conceptual priming. Conceptual priming in the aged showed faster decay compared to perceptual priming. In terms of explicit memory, performance for the aged was worse than for the young, especially when items were encoded at the conceptual or semantic levels.Experiment 2 dealt with procedural memory in the performance of problem solving tasks. The results showed that procedural memory in the aged is preserved at similar levels in the young. However, the quality of procedural memory in the young and the old differs, with procedural memory in the aged being based on motor-sensation processing, whereas this is based on cognitive-strategic processing in the young. In Experiment 3, although hypermnesia was found in the young, none was found in the old, however, it is uncertain why this was so.

在实验一中，我们从知觉启动、概念启动和识别方面比较了老年人和年轻人的外显记忆和内隐记忆。我们发现，虽然老年人和年轻人在知觉启动的情况下启动的程度相似，但在概念启动的水平上却存在差异。与知觉启动相比，老年人的概念启动表现出更快的衰减。在外显记忆方面，老年人的表现比年轻人差，特别是当项目在概念或语义层面进行编码时。实验2涉及程序性记忆在解决问题任务中的表现。结果表明，老年人的程序记忆在年轻人中保持着相似的水平。然而，年轻人和老年人的程序性记忆质量不同，老年人的程序性记忆基于运动感觉处理，而年轻人则基于认知策略处理。在实验3中，虽然在年轻人中发现了记忆亢进，但在老年人中却没有发现，但尚不清楚为什么会出现这种情况。