A History of Performances of Greek and Roman Dramas

德国古典学在明治维新时期直接影响了日本，它倾向于崇尚希腊文化而不是罗马文化，至今仍有很大的影响。在日本近代化的过程中，德国的影响不仅对日本的古典学产生了影响，而且对日本的大学制度也产生了影响。日本的古典研究是由德国哲学家拉斐尔·克贝尔开创的，这是一个非常具有象征意义的插曲。1945年前，日本的古典文学研究受到德国的很大影响。希腊和罗马戏剧的翻译及其表演一直与古典研究中的这一趋势有关。二战结束前，有一些希腊和罗马戏剧的翻译，但直到第二次世界大战结束后，才出版了基于学术的目标翻译。学术和翻译的出版为表演铺平了道路，自1960年以来，希腊和罗马戏剧一直在演出。其中，希腊悲剧最符合日本人的口味，而罗马喜剧最令人厌恶。与罗马戏剧相比，日本人更喜欢希腊戏剧，比起喜剧演员，日本人更喜欢悲剧。有几个原因可能会导致这种趋势。其中一个原因是性别的差异。悲剧比喜剧更具有普遍性，换句话说，喜剧有很多限制，很难跨越年龄和语言传达出来。即使是通过阅读，这一点也是正确的，当它被执行时，情况就更是如此。另一个原因是，日本人更喜欢悲剧而不是来自当时民族性格的喜剧。虽然我们有几乎等同于喜剧的京根剧，但大多数人更喜欢几乎等同于悲剧的能剧。这源于江户时代的武士美学。

German Classical studies, which tended to esteem Greek culture mote than Roman culture, directly influenced Japan in the Meiji Restoration and still its influence is very great. The influence of Germany had impact not only on classical studies in Japan, but also on the system of the universities in the process of Japanese modernization. It is a very symbolic episode that classical studies in Japan was started by a German philosopher Raphael Koebel. Classical studies in Japan received a great influence from Germany before 1945.The translation of Greek and Roman dramas and their performance have been related with such a tendency in classical studies.There were some translations of Greek and Roma Drama before the end of World War II, but the publication of a goal translation based on scholarship was not made until after the end of World War II. Scholarship and publication of translations paved the way for performances, and there have been performances of Greek and Roman Drama since 1960. Among these, Greek Tragedy has been most to Japanese taste, and Roman Comedy most detested. Japanese prefer Greek Drama to Roman Drama, and tragedies to comedies.There are several reasons why such a tendency may be found.One of the reasons is derived firm the difference of gernre. A tragedy is mole universal than a comedy In another words, a comedy has lots of restrictions, and is very difficult to convey across ages and languages. This is true even through reading, even more When It is performed.The other reason is that Japanese prefer tragedies to comedies from then national character. Though we have Kyogen Drama which is almost equivalent to a comedy, most people prefer Noh Drama which is almost equivalent to a tragedy. This is derived from the Samurai aesthetics of the Edo period.