A History of Performances of Greek and Roman Dramas

德国古典学对日本明治维新产生了直接影响，其对希腊文化的重视程度高于对罗马文化的重视程度。德国的影响不仅影响了日本的古典学，也影响了日本近代化过程中的大学制度。日本的古典学是由德国哲学家拉斐尔·柯贝尔开创的，这是一个非常具有象征意义的事件。1945年以前，日本的古典学受到德国的很大影响。在古典研究中，希腊罗马戏剧的翻译及其表演一直与这种倾向有关。在第二次世界大战结束之前，已经有了一些希腊和罗马戏剧的译本，但直到第二次世界大战结束后才出版了基于学术的目标译本。学术研究和翻译的出版为演出铺平了道路，自1960年以来一直有希腊和罗马戏剧的演出。其中，希腊悲剧最合日本人的口味，而罗马喜剧最令人厌恶。日本人喜欢希腊戏剧胜过罗马戏剧，喜欢悲剧胜过喜剧。有几个原因可以解释为什么会出现这种趋势。其中一个原因是源于体裁的差异。悲剧没有喜剧具有普适性，换句话说，喜剧有很多限制，很难跨越年龄和语言进行传达。即使通过阅读也是如此，当它被执行时更是如此。另一个原因是，从当时的民族性格来看，日本人更喜欢悲剧而不是喜剧。虽然我们有几乎相当于喜剧的京剧，但大多数人更喜欢几乎相当于悲剧的能剧。这源自江户时代的武士美学。

German Classical studies, which tended to esteem Greek culture mote than Roman culture, directly influenced Japan in the Meiji Restoration and still its influence is very great. The influence of Germany had impact not only on classical studies in Japan, but also on the system of the universities in the process of Japanese modernization. It is a very symbolic episode that classical studies in Japan was started by a German philosopher Raphael Koebel. Classical studies in Japan received a great influence from Germany before 1945.The translation of Greek and Roman dramas and their performance have been related with such a tendency in classical studies.There were some translations of Greek and Roma Drama before the end of World War II, but the publication of a goal translation based on scholarship was not made until after the end of World War II. Scholarship and publication of translations paved the way for performances, and there have been performances of Greek and Roman Drama since 1960. Among these, Greek Tragedy has been most to Japanese taste, and Roman Comedy most detested. Japanese prefer Greek Drama to Roman Drama, and tragedies to comedies.There are several reasons why such a tendency may be found.One of the reasons is derived firm the difference of gernre. A tragedy is mole universal than a comedy In another words, a comedy has lots of restrictions, and is very difficult to convey across ages and languages. This is true even through reading, even more When It is performed.The other reason is that Japanese prefer tragedies to comedies from then national character. Though we have Kyogen Drama which is almost equivalent to a comedy, most people prefer Noh Drama which is almost equivalent to a tragedy. This is derived from the Samurai aesthetics of the Edo period.