Appropriate exercise levels for health promotion based on biomarkers of habitual aerobic exercisers

目的：为了研究适当的体育锻炼水平对健康的促进作用，我们研究了参加为期两天的超级马拉松比赛的日本非专业跑步者的人体测量特征和生活方式参数，以及比赛中和赛后的生物标志物，包括活性氧。研究对象和方法：我们评估了202名（2002年）和186名（2003年）日本业余超级马拉松运动员的人体测量特征、生活方式参数和基线生物标志物。我们还检查了生物标志物的变化，包括从基线到比赛中期和赛后的氧化、抗氧化和肌肉损伤标志物。此外，在2004年，我们招募了25名跑步者来探索生物标志物，包括NK细胞活性和葡萄糖和脂质代谢参数，不仅在基线，比赛中期和赛后，而且在比赛后的一天，三天和五天。结果：超级马拉松运动员表现出理想的基线生物标志物。氧化生物标志物，包括8-OHdG和- rom，在赛跑中期升高；然而，这些指标在第2天下降。另一方面，抗氧化指标（如尿酸和胆红素）和肌肉损伤指标（如GOT、LDH和CPK）在比赛中和比赛后逐渐被诱导。讨论：根据基线生物标记，超级马拉松运动员显示出良好的健康状况，这提供了强有力的证据，证明有规律的有氧运动和其他方面的理想生活方式对健康有益。氧化生物标志物在比赛中期升高，但在第2天下降，这表明在第2天进化出了修复氧化DNA损伤的适应机制。

Objective : To study appropriate levels of physical exercise for health promotion, we examined anthropometric characteristics and lifestyle parameters along with mid-and post-race biological markers, including reactive oxygen species, of Japanese non-professional runners attending a two-day ultra-marathon race.Subjects and Methods : We evaluated anthropometric characteristics and lifestyle parameters and baseline biomarkers of 202 (in 2002) and 186 (in 2003) Japanese amateur ultra-marathon runners. We also examined changes in biomarkers, including oxidant, anti-oxidant and muscle damage markers from baseline to mid-and post-race points. Furthermore, in 2004, we recruited 25 runners to explore biomarkers, including NK cell activity and parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism, not only at baseline, mid-race and post-race points but also at the points one day, three days and five days after the race.Results : Ultra-marathon runners demonstrated desirable baseline biological markers. Oxidant biomarkers, including 8-OHdG and d-ROM, were elevated at the mid-race point ; however, those markers were decreased on the 2nd day. On the other hand, anti-oxidant markers, such as uric acid and bilirubin, and muscle damage indices, including GOT, LDH and CPK, were induced progressively at mid-race and post-race points.Discussion : Ultra-marathon runners show a good health status according to baseline biological markers, providing strong evidence that regular aerobic exercise is beneficial to health along with other aspects of desirable lifestyle. Oxidant biomarkers were elevated at the mid-race point but were decreased on the 2nd day, which implies that adaptive mechanisms evolved during the 2nd day to repair oxidative DNA damage.