Diachronic Changes and Panchronic Universal Properties of Constructions and Grammatical Categories in Chinese-a Reconstruction of Historical Chinese Grammar

不用说，现代汉语中存在的各种语法范畴或语法结构的语义/结构特征在以前的汉语中并不全部存在。其中，有些是从古代流传到现代的泛时性质，而另一些性质在今天存在之前经历了各种变化。本课题中，五位研究者参考了近年来现代汉语研究中关于各种语法范畴/结构的意义和结构的杰出分析，详细考察了不同时代的图片并讨论了这些发现，所有这些都旨在澄清每个时代之间的差异以及这些变化背后的机制。同时，本项目也旨在发现汉语自古以来就保持不变的普遍属性，明确泛时功能的语法/语义范畴确实存在，并调查促成这些范畴的相关参数。在本项目中，我们于2004年开始，五位研究者在各自指定的时间段内对语序、语态和体等一系列主题进行了研究，并对第一手资料进行了仔细的分析，我们揭示了中国人在不同时代的处境。这些结果，包括最后报告中的分析，不仅提供了重要的描述性数据，而且也提供了重要的理论依据，它们展示了汉语语法在历时变化中的多样性，以及它所具有的泛时普遍性。因此，这些研究成果有助于汉语历史语法的重建。

It is needless to say that the semantic/structural properties of the various grammatical categories or grammatical constructions that can be found in modern Chinese today did not all exist in Chinese of previous times. Among them, some are panchronic properties that were passed down from the ancient era to modern days, whereas other properties have experienced various changes before their existence today. In this project five researchers refer to the outstanding analysis in recent studies of modern Chinese regarding the meaning and structure of the various grammatical categories/constructions, examine the pictures of different times in detail and discuss the findings, all together with the intention to clarify the differences between each era and the mechanism behind these changes. At the same time, this project is also aimed at finding out the universal properties of Chinese, which have stayed constant since ancient times, making it explicit that grammatical/semanticcategories that function panchronically do exist, and investigating the related parameters that motivated these categorizations.In this project, which we started in 2004, five researchers that commonly share the previously-mentioned purposes examined a series of topics, such as word order, voice and aspect, in each one's designated era With a careful analysis of the first-hand data, we have revealed the situation of Chinese in different eras. The results, including the analyses written in the final report, provide important descriptive data as well as theoretical foundations by demonstrating the variety of Chinese grammar in its diachronic changes and also the panchronic universal properties that it possesses. Therefore, these results can contribute to the reconstruction of historical Chinese grammar.