Radioactive contamination around the former Soviet Union's Semipalatinsk nuclear test site and estimation of internal radiation dose for people

前苏联在哈萨克斯坦塞米巴拉金斯克核试验场进行的核武器试验在试验场周围造成大量放射性污染。多隆村被称为SNTS周围放射性沉降物污染最严重的村庄之一。模型计算的空气中的外γ射线剂量范围为1~2戈伊，而从教堂中取出的砖样品的TL测量值接近约0.5戈伊。因此，在Dolon村，指出了调查人员对该村剂量估计的一些差异。在对多隆村的辐射剂量进行重新估算时，根据多隆村及其附近村庄的土壤污染数据，对放射性羽流的宽度和中心轴位置进行了调查。在本研究期间，还获得了多隆周围土壤污染的其他数据。结果，Cs-137和Pu-239，240的分布图形成了一个峰状。烟羽的中心部分经过Dolon居民区，一个西格玛值为1.5公里。最后，我们初步估算了1949年苏联第一次核试验在多隆引起的局部沉降物的1年累积外照射剂量，即空气中的吸收剂量为0.50戈伊。对70余例居民尸体骨标本进行了~（240）U同位素测定。假定骨样品中Pu-239，240的平均浓度为1955年瞬时吸入后45年的值，则45年的初始总剂量和有效剂量分别估计为10 Bq和1.2 mSv。成人年总铀摄入量为30 Bq，慢性摄入量为0.1 mSv。

Nuclear weapon tests by the former USSR at the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site (SNTS) in Kazakhstan caused a vast amount of radioactive contamination around the test site. Dolon village is known as one of the most contaminated villages by radioactive fallout around SNTS. Calculated external gamma-ray dose in air by model ranged from 1 to 2 Gy, while TL measurement of a brick sample n Dolon taken from a church was close to about 0.5 Gy. Thus, In Dolon village, some discrepancies in the dose estimation for the village among investigators were pointed out. In relation to the effort to reconstract the radiation dose in Dolon village, the width and center-axis location of the radioactive plume were investigated based on the soil contamination data around Dolon and the nearby villages. Additional soil contamination data around Dolon were obtained during the period of this study. As a result, the plotted distribution formed a peak-like shape for Cs-137 and Pu-239,240. The center part of the plume passed over the residential area of Dolon with one sigma value of 1.5 km. Finally, 0.50 Gy of absorbed dose in air was derived as our tentative estimate for 1-year cumulative external dose in Dolon due to local fallout from the first USSR test in 1949.Parallel to the above works, to evaluate the present Pu and Cs-137 levels in the general population living near the SNTS and to estimate the associated alpha doses, Pu-239,240 and U isotopes in bone samples from more than 70 autopsies of residents were measured. By assuming that average concentration of Pu-239,240 in bone samples is the value at 45 years after instantaneous inhalation in 1955,the initial total and the effective dose for 45 years were estimated as 10 Bq and 1.2 mSv, respectively. The annual intake of total U and its effective dose for 60 years were estimated as 30 Bq for adult and 0.1 mSv, respectively, for chronic ingestion.