Radiation dose estimation for people in the areas of nuclear disaster : Internal radiation dose estimation for peoples living in the areas surrounding the former Soviet Union's nuclear test site

1949年至1989年期间，在前苏联塞米巴拉金斯克核试验场进行了450多次核试验。自1990年代初以来，该试验场的责任已移交给哈萨克斯坦当局。生活在试验场周围地区的居民因原子试验而受到如此大的外部和内部辐射剂量。例如，在距离试验场东北约120公里的多隆定居点，1949年至1992年的总剂量估计为外部和内部辐射剂量分别约为200和230 cSv。因此，在推导试验场附近居民的危险因素时，内部剂量评估是总剂量的主要组成部分之一。为了帮助解决这种内照射剂量估算问题，我们开始调查人体骨样品中放射性核素的现状。到目前为止，我们收集了100多个人骨样品周围的测试网站和其浓度的^&lt;239，240&gt;钚，铀和^锶进行了化学分离和测量。<90>发现^&lt;239，240&gt; Pu和^U的浓度范围分别为0.005 - 0.23和0.09 - 0.49 mBq/g灰。<238>Sr含量在3.9 - 11.7mBq/g灰之间。<90>所发现的大多数数据与其他国家报告的人口数据相当，但也有一些数据的水平更高。进一步的工作正在进行，以积累数据和评估内部剂量。

Between 1949 and 1989, more than 450 atomic tests were conducted on the former Soviet Union's Semiipalatinsk nuclear test site. Since the early 1990's, responsibility for the test site has passed on the Kazakh authorities. The population living in the areas surrounding the test site has received so much external and internal radiation doses as a result of atomic tests. For example, in Dolon settlement located about 120km north-east from the test site, external and internal radiation doses were estimated to be about 200 and 230 cSv, respectively, as total doses from 1949 to 1992. Thus, internal dose assessment is one of the main components of the total dose when deriving risk factors for population living in the vicinity of the test site. To serve as an aid to resolve such internal dose estimation, we have started to investigate the present situation of radionuclides in human bone samples. Until now, we collected more than 100 human bone samples around the test site and their concentrations of ^<239,240>Pu,U and ^<90>Sr were chemically separated and measured. The concentrations of ^<239,240>Pu and ^<238>U were found in the range of 0.005-0.23 and 0.09-0.49 mBq/g-ash, respectively. The ^<90>Sr levels were within the rage of 3.9-11.7mBq/g-ash. Most of data found are comparable to those reported for other country's people, but there exist some data with higher levels. Further works are going on to accumulate the data and evaluate the internal doses.