International Intelligibility of Japanese English - from the Viewpoints of World Englishes and Cross-cultural Understanding

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In this research project, thirteen research articles, nine presentations in the international or nation-wide academic conferences, and two books are able to be given as the research results. Five researchers divided up the research on International Intelligibility of Japanese English Yoshikawa's charge was a check of earlier researches and a semantic survey to idiomatic expressions, Shiozawa's psychological situation at the time of speaking English by Japanese, Kurahashfs a nonverbal communication, Komiya's a syntactic research, and Shimouch'a phonetic and phonological survey. In addition, all researchers were in charge of a questionnaire about intelligibility of Japanese English. According to these research results, the following significant knowledge was obtained :1. Earlier proposals on international intelligibility of new English varieties are limited to the fields of phonology and lexicogrammar2. Semantic transparency or opacity is effective to learning of English idiomatic expres … More sions.3. Affective competence is important for Japanese to overcome psychological problems in English speaking.4. When Japanese people speak EFL, their nonverbal communication is not so influenced by the culture of an English-speaking people.5. Some grammatical and pragmatic features of Japanese English are not errors but characteristics.6. Native speakers'pronunciation is not always the model to Japanese.7. A certain degree of limitation to using English phrasal verbs which are difficult to Japanese has to be required.In addition, the researchers gave a questionnaire to many foreign people (not only English native speakers but also non-native ones) and asked them to judge the acceptability of English sentences written by some Japanese college students. The result of the questionnaire shows that their acceptability is higher than Japanese (English teachers) one. It means that the Japanese judgment is on the basis of English as a native language. This result indicates that Japanese has to consider Japanese English as one of the English varieties and has to recognize it in the concept of World Englishes. Less