The analysis of the influence of picture book on early children's ideas about the sun and the moon

克莱门特和凯里在幼稚物理学和幼稚生物学领域对幼儿的科学认知进行了大量的研究。因此，本研究的目的是：（1）研究日本从明治时代到平成时代的小学低年级和学龄前儿童科学教育制度的历史;（2）研究早期儿童的先验概念，特别是关于空气、光和天文的概念;（3）研究早期儿童的科学认知能力，特别是关于儿童对科学认知能力的影响。（3）研究幼儿阅读虚构和科学图画书后对幼儿概念的影响，主要结果如下：（1）在第二次世界大战前，我们在幼儿园进行了“观察”和在小学低年级进行了“自然观察”的教育。但目前我国还没有一个明显的科学的教育体系覆盖从幼儿园到小学低年级。(2)图画书虽然对幼儿的概念影响不大，但它具有改变幼儿概念的潜力。(3)本研究的最终目的是探讨幼儿通过图画书获得的虚构概念是否与幼儿通过观察自然获得的科学概念相对立，幼儿如何不矛盾地理解虚构概念和科学概念。我们相信，我们的研究将在这一点上为幼儿科学教育做出巨大贡献。

Many studies of the scientific recognition in early childhood have been done in the field of the naive physics and naive biology by Clement and Carey. But the study of the influence of picture books on early child's scientific recognition has not yet been done.So the objective of our study is (1) to research the history of Japanese science educational system for the elementary school pupil of the lower grade and preschool child for the period from Meiji era to Heisei era, (2) to research the prior concepts of early children particularly about the air, light and astronomy, (3) to research the influence of fictional and scientific picture books on early child's concepts after reading them the books.The key results of our study are as follows ;(1) We had such nurturing as the “Observation" in the kindergarten and the “Observation for nature" in the lower class of elementary school before World War II. But nowadays there has been no obvious scientific educational system covering from the kindergarten to the lower class of the elementary school.(2) A picture book has the potentiality of changing early child's concept though few children are influenced.(3) The concept influenced by a picture book can be kept at least for one month.The final goal of our study is to investigate whether the early child's fictional concept acquired by a fictional picture book is opposed to the child's scientific concept acquired by the observation of nature or not and also how early children understand fictional and scientific concept without contradiction. We believe that our study will give a great contribution to early child's science education at this point.