Development of molecular imaging of brain function by using multi-nuclei magnetic resonance method and its application to analysis of cerebral disorders

我们开发了多核磁共振成像(MRI)方法来分析神经元功能和病理情况。这些是：(1)利用锰增强磁共振成像(MEMRI)进行神经元激活成像：该方法依赖于神经元激活时，锰离子可以与钙离子一起进入神经细胞的原理；(2)磁共振技术，可以直观地显示大脑中的抗原-抗体反应：首先，我们合成了与磁共振敏感材料(Fe，Mn)结合的大分子。然后，我们开发了这些材料在体外和体内系统的成像。(3)将该方法应用于肿瘤细胞与抗肿瘤淋巴细胞特异性反应成像的基础研究。(4)二维磁共振波谱，可以精确分析各种脑代谢产物。这是利用超高速核磁共振技术开发的。(4)对常规MR技术的改进：(1)光纤跟踪IM…(2)动脉自旋标记法的灌注成像；(3)磁共振成像灵敏度的提高。在MEMRI方法中，足爪刺激清楚地显示了大鼠感觉区神经元的激活。该方法能清楚地显示大鼠嗅觉沟、视神经和辐射中的纤维，并清楚地显示了六层皮质。在磁共振图像上可以清楚地显示大分子结合的锰离子，也有可能显示含有铁离子的淋巴细胞。然而，它需要相对大量的离子。在纤维追踪成像方法中，脑梗塞病例显示纤维断裂。在2D-MRS中，2D-JPRESS和2D-COSY是在3.0T临床MRI设备上开发的。用2D-MRS方法灵敏地检测脑代谢产物。综上所述，多层螺旋CT是一种有用的无创性脑功能检查方法。由于MRI方法评价脑功能和代谢的技术仍较多，有待于进一步研究。较少

We have developed multi-nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method for analysis of neuronal function and pathological conditions. Those are; (1) Neuronal activation imaging by using manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI): This method depends on the theory that Mn ion can enter into neuronal cell in conjunction with calcium ion during the neuronal activation; (2) Magnetic resonance technique which can visualize antigen-antibody reaction in the brain: First, we composed the macromolecule which is combined with magnetic resonance sensitive materials (Fe, Mn). Then, we developed the imaging of those material in vitro and in vivo systems. (3) Also we applied this method to the basic study for imaging of the specific reaction between tumor-cell and anti-tumor lymphocyte. (4) Two dimensional MR spectroscopy by which various brain metabolites can be analyzed precisely. This is developed by using ultra-fast MRI technique. (4) Improvement of conventional MR techniques such as; (1) Fiber tracking im … More aging method by using diffusion tensor images; (2) Perfusion imaging by using arterial spin tagging method, (3) Improvement of sensitivity of fMRI.In MEMRI method, neuronal activation of the sensory area is clearly demonstrated by the paw stimulation in rat. Fibers were clearly demonstrated in rat olfactory grove, optic nerve and radiation, and the six cortical layers were clearly demonstrated by this method. The macromolecule combined Mn ion is clearly demonstrated on MR images, and also there is a possibility of demonstrating lymphocyte containing Fe ion. However it requires a relatively large amount of ion. In fiber tracking imaging method, disconnection of fiber was demonstrated in cases of cerebral infarction. In 2D-MRS, 2D-JPRESS and 2D-COSY were developed on 3.0T clinical MRI devices. Brain metabolites were detected sensitively by those 2D-MRS method. In conclusion, the multi-nulcear MR methods are useful to examine the brain function non-invasively. Since there are still more techniques in MRI methods to evaluate the brain function and metabolism, further research should be continued. Less