The clash of civilizations in the modern East Asia and the transfiguration of idea of 'Heaven(天)'

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Western Impact' in the 19^<th> century forced three East Asian nations, such as China, Korea and Japan, to transfigure the interpretations of traditional thoughts widely. Especially the idea of 'Heaven(天)' that was the common core idea of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, was urgently tried to reinterpret in the each nation's original way. Through this collaboration on the theme ; The clash of civilizations in the modern East Asia and the transfiguration of idea of 'Heaven(天)', we could clarify that the idea of Heaven was commonly transfigured to defend the big social change among three nations.