Theory of Painleve systems and its new development

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Theory of the Painleve systems, which are a certain family of second-order nonlinear integrable differential and difference equations, has been constructed by using the underlying affine Weyl group symmetries and algebraic geometric structures. Based on this framework, detaild studies on solutions have been carried out, such as determination of the sequence of hypergeometric functions arising as solutions. Also, generalizations of the theory of Painleve systems have been developed to higher-order and higher-dimensional systems. Moreover, based on the results obtained above, the theory has been extended to various areas, such as discrete soliton equations, discrete differential geometry, solvable chaotic systems, tropical geometry, complex dynamical systems, and random matrices.