Mechanical stress loaded on articular cartilage explant

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Introduction : To repair the articular cartilage defect, cartilage explant is useful method. The key leading to the success of this regenerative medicine is to regulate the mechanical stress loaded on articular cartilage explant. Intraarticular hyaluronan (HA) injection is an effective treatment for cartilage degeneration. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of mechanical stress loaded on the cartilage explant and possible usefulness of HA in this system.Methods : Mechanical compression was loaded on the bovine cartilage using the Biopress system. Proteoglycan (PG) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis were measured with [^<35>S] incorporation and fluorescent dye, respectively. Accumulation of peroxynitrite was determined with western blotting using nitrotyrosine antibody.Results : Mechanical compression inhibited PG synthesis and enhanced ROS. Externally added HA reversed stress-inhibited PG synthesis and attenuated ROS synthesis. HA also significantly decreased the expression of nitrotyrosine.Conclusions : Mechanical stress is essential factor to degradate the explanted cartilage and ROS play an important role. HA neutralized stress-enhanced ROS synthesis and resulted in the reverse of PG synthesis. These data suggest that HA plays anabolic effect as an antioxidant.