Analytical studies on microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) and their physiological role in the microbial communities participating in the degradation of cultural properties.

(1)某些微生物及其群落对文化遗产材料起着变质作用。在较早阶段发现它们的出现可以减少恶化的风险。MVOCs的排放量似乎是一个有效的候选人，其增长的发生的指标。采用固相微萃取（SPME）技术，对5种真菌属（曲霉属、青霉属、枝顶孢属、镰刀菌属和短梗霉属）和细菌链霉菌属的MVOCs进行了提取和气相色谱/质谱（GC/MS）分析。建立了气相色谱-质谱联用技术测定MVOCs的指纹图谱数据库，并成功研制了基于离子迁移谱原理的MVOCs检测装置。IMS还构建了MVOCs的FPD。(2)从土壤中分离到一种弹尾虫，并研究了其对几种真菌气味的影响 关于我们 使用摄像机分析上述。跳虫被发现以青霉菌为食。它们对这些真菌也没有表现出明显的摄食吸引或回避行为。但对枝孢霉有明显的吸引作用。(3)应用共培养系统以允许两种真菌物种的菌落之间的自由气体或挥发物交换。茄病镰刀菌挥发物对其他真菌烟曲霉和全青霉的生长发育也有影响。F.的殖民地。solani在与A.烟曲霉或P. paneum。用GC/MS分析MVOCs，F. solani是两种A. fumigatus和P. paneum。而F. solani可能是一种对A. fumigatus和P. paneum。(4)作为与奈良大学西山教授的合作研究，我们从位于日本大坂柏原市的高田埋葬洞穴中获得了真菌分离物。使用这些菌株，生长的发生进行了研究，通过模拟分析其在控制环境中的凝灰岩岩石表面的生长过程。在这些实验中发现了真菌生长和分生孢子的形成。少

(1) Some microorganisms and their communities play a role of deterioration on cultural heritage materials. Detection of their emergence at an earlier stage allows for reducing risks of the deterioration. Emission of MVOCs seems to be an effective candidate for an indicator of the occurrence of their growth. The MVOCs were collected by solid phase micro extraction (SPME) and analyzed by gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) from the representative microorganisms relating the deterioration, including five fungal genera ( Aspergillus, Penicillium, Acremonium, Fusarium and Aureobasidium) and bacterial Streptomyces. We constructed the Finger Print Database (FPD) of MVOCs determined by GC/MS. We succeeded in developing an innovative apparatus detecting MVOCs based on the principle of ion mobility spectrometry. The FPD of MVOCs was also constructed by IMS.(2) A species of springtail (Collembola) was isolated from soil and its behavior on the flavor of several fungal species, described … More above, was analyzed using a video-camera. The springtail was found to feed on Penicillium. They did not show a significant feeding attraction or avoidance behavior against those fungi, either. However, obvious attractive one was found to the fungus Cladosporium.(3) The co-culturing system was applied to allow free gas or volatile exchange between the colonies of two fungal species. The effects of Fusarium solani volatiles were found on growth and development of the other fungi Aspergillus fumigatus and Penicillium paneum. Colonies of F. solani were incubated in the same growth chamber as colonies of either A. fumigatus or P. paneum. Analzing MVOCs by GC/MS, 2-pentadecanone, emitted from F. solani, was suggested as an accelerator of conidiophore development in both A. fumigatus and P. paneum. However, benzaldehyde from F. solani, may be an allelochemical inhibitor of growth against both A. fumigatus and P. paneum.(4) As a cooperative research with Prof. Nishiyama at Nara University, we obtained fungal isolates from the Takaida burial cave located at Kashiwara-shi, Osaka, Japan. Using these isolates, the occurrence of growth was investigated by simulation analysis on the process of their growth on the surface of tuff stones in the controlled environment. Fungal growth and the formation of conidia were found on these experiments. Less