Analysis of extracellular distribution and cellular uptake system of thyroid-disrupting chemicals

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To clarify the factors that influence the biological effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals within target cells, we investigated the interaction of 2,4,6-triiodophenol (TIP) and ioxynil (IOX), potent thyroid hormone disrupting chemicals, with serum proteins from rainbow trout, bullfrog, chicken, pig, and rat. [^<125>I]-chemicals bound weakly to proteins in trout and bullfrog serum, and strongly to proteins in chicken, pig, and rat serum samples. A weak interaction of [^<125>I]-chemicals with tadpole serum proteins accelerated [^<125>I]-chemical cellular uptake in vitro. The cellular uptake of [^<125>I]-chemicals suggested the presence of phenol-specific cellular uptake system. The differences in the molecular and binding properties of chemical-binding proteins among vertebrates, and a phenol-specific cellular uptake system would affect in part the cellular actions of these chemicals.