Theorizing Collaborative Discovery Learning for Preparation for Future Learning

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This research clarifies effects and processes of "collaborative discovery learning" contrasted with "telling and collaborative practice." It utilized two measures for assessment: acquired knowledge and preparation for future learning. Three studies of college students on math, high-school students on science and elementary pupils on math showed that students who learned in Discovery Learning condition outperformed their counterparts in Direct Instruction one on measuers of prepartion for future learning (i.e., performance in joint solving situation after individual test-taking). Detailed process analyses implied that, in the former condition, the students reflected upon problem situations and formed conditional knowledge, which were usable in situations wherein they were allowed to externalize their thoughts and revise them. Teachers' believes were also examined when they were forced not to intervene but to observe and listen to students' conversation in discovery learning conditions.