Mechanism of Genome Damage Response Induced by Ultrasoun

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A likely candidate process has been suggested to involve sonochemical activity, where reactive oxygen species mediate the generation of DNAsingle-strand breaks. Here however, we provide compelling new evidence that strongly supports a purely mechanical mechanism. Moreover, by a combination of specific assays （neutral comet tail and staining for γH2AX foci formation) we demonstrate for the first time that US exposure at even moderate intensities exhibits DNAdouble-strand breaks, through its facility to generate DNA damage across multiple cancer lines. Notably, colocalization assays highlight that ionizing radiation and ultrasound have distinctly different signatures to their respective γH2AX foci formation patterns, likely reflecting the different stress distributions that initiated damage formation.