Anaerobic spores (C. perfringens) as a possible new fecal source tracking indicator of human fecal pollution.

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Clostridium perfringens survive in various aquatic environments than current traditional fecal indicator. Therefore, C. perfringens considered as suitable indicator for fecal pollution. This research described that the new possibility of C. perfringens as a useful source tracking indicator of human fecal pollution using distributions of cpe positive C. perfringens. To evaluate the efficacy of source tracking indicator of C. perfringens, distributions of C. perfringens spores and there toxin type in sewage and livestock fecal samples were analyzed. C. perfringens spores were isolated from sewage, effluents and fecal samples of cattle and pig by multiplex PCR. Almost all isolates were classified type A. From human sewage and effluents, cpe positive C. perfringens were detected at 30%. Whereas only 1 cattle isolate were positive cpe gene from livestock samples. Distributions of cpe positive C. perfringens were important as a potential source tracking indicator for human fecal pollution.