An Evidence-based Approach for Bullying Prevention

摘要 基于证据的预防欺凌的严肃博弈方法 行政副刊 欺凌，以其最常见的形式，是一个严重的公共卫生问题。这一点尤其正确 在中学阶段，是欺凌行为增加的过渡期。网络欺凌，一种 电子进化的当面欺凌，是通过故意和反复施加伤害 威胁、骚扰、羞辱或社交的计算机、手机和其他电子设备 排除另一个。欺凌和网络欺凌的受害者和犯罪者都更有可能 缺乏自尊，有自杀念头，抑郁，滥用药物，学习成绩较低。 在这个项目中，国家健康促进协会(NHPA)开发了一种欺凌行为和 中学生网络欺凌预防干预，包括互动课堂 会议和相应的严肃游戏，以循证药物滥用为基础 预防方法称为生活技能培训(LST)。LST预防模式教年轻人 个人自我管理技能、社交技能、拒绝毒品技能和其他生活技能 成功驾驭发展任务，提高韧性，促进健康 心理社会发展。LST计划已经过广泛测试，并被发现是有效的 在一系列具有行为影响的随机对照试验(RCT)中预防药物使用 在30多份同行评议的出版物上发表了报告。在本研究中，我们开发了 干预材料，目前正在进行一项严格的随机对照试验，共有24人 已被单独分配到LST预防计划的初中/初中 或LST与新开发的欺凌/网络欺凌材料。结果评估 评估针对欺凌/网络欺凌的行为、规范、态度和知识的变化，并 同时滥用酒精、烟草和其他药物(ATOD)的两个试验组 条件。为了检查干预的影响，正在立即收集调查数据 在实施前后以及12个月和24个月的后续评估中。我们也是 进行过程评估，以记录剂量、保真度实施和 学校/社区活动。 2020年3月，新冠肺炎大流行席卷全美， 对这项研究的破坏性影响，特别是在学校开展的活动。学校 在全国范围内，包括那些参与我们随机对照试验的人， 由州和/或地方官员关闭。这些突然的关闭对审判产生了严重的影响 田野调查。所有实地活动，包括干预执行和数据收集，都必须 停下来了。此外，NHPA的办公室(位于纽约州怀特普莱恩斯)和所有企业 根据纽约州长的一项行政命令，这些被指定为“必要”的工厂被关闭。哪里 在可能的情况下，员工被指示在家中建立工作站并在家工作。这个 要求提供拟议的行政补充资料，以解决重大和不利的 因新冠肺炎学校停课而中断的审判：1)干预 实施；2)调查数据收集；3)过程数据收集。

ABSTRACT An Evidence-Based Serious Game Approach for Bullying Prevention Administrative Supplement Bullying, in its most familiar form, is a serious public health concern. This is especially true during the middle-school years, a transition period when bullying increases. Cyberbullying, an electronic evolution of face-to-face bullying, is willful and repeated harm inflicted through computers, cell phones and other electronic devices to threaten, harass, embarrass, or socially exclude another. Both victims and offenders of bullying and cyberbullying are more likely to have low self-esteem, suicidal ideation, depression, substance use, and lower academic achievement. In this project, National Health Promotion Associates (NHPA) developed a bullying and cyberbullying prevention intervention for middle school students, including interactive classroom sessions and corresponding serious games, based on the evidence-based substance abuse prevention approach called Life Skills Training (LST). The LST prevention model teaches youth personal self-management skills, social skills, drug refusal skills, and other life skills needed to successfully navigate developmental tasks, increase resilience, and facilitate healthy psychosocial development. The LST program has been extensively tested and found to effectively prevent substance use in a series of randomized controlled trials (RCT) with behavioral effects reported in over 30 peer-reviewed publications. In the present study, we have developed the intervention materials and are now conducting a rigorous randomized controlled trial with 24 middle/junior high schools that have been assigned to either the LST prevention program alone or LST with the newly developed bullying/cyberbullying materials. The outcome evaluation assesses changes in behaviors, norms, attitudes, and knowledge for bullying/cyberbullying and concurrent alcohol, tobacco, and other drug (ATOD) abuse between the two experimental conditions. To examine the impact of the intervention, survey data are being collected immediately before and after its implementation and at 12- and 24-month follow-up assessments. We are also conducting a process evaluation to document dosage, fidelity implementation, and school/community events. In March of 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic spread across the United States and had a disruptive impact on this research, especially the activities conducted in schools. Schools throughout the country, including those participating in our randomized controlled trial, were closed by state and/or local officials. These abrupt closures had a severe impact on the trial fieldwork. All field activities, including intervention implementation and data collection, had to be halted. In addition, NHPA’s office (located in White Plains, New York) and all businesses not designated as “essential” were closed by an executive order of the NYS governor. Where possible, employees were instructed to establish at-home workstations and work from home. The proposed administrative supplement is requested to address the significant and adverse disruption to the trial based on the Covid-19 school closures that abruptly stopped: 1) intervention implementation; 2) survey data collection; and 3) process data collection.