Impaired Risk Awareness during Intoxication in Recidivist DUI Offenders

酒后驾车累犯醉酒期间风险意识受损

• 批准号: 10203478
• 负责人: Mark T Fillmore
• 金额: $ 32万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-20 至 2025-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10203478
• 关键词: Acute; Address; Alcohol consumption; Alcoholic Intoxication; Alcohols; Automobile Driving; Awareness; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Mechanisms; Blood alcohol level measurement; Characteristics; Charge; Coupled; Disinhibition; Dose; Economics; Education; Expectancy; Feedback; Impairment; Impulsivity; Individual; Injury; Intervention; Intoxication; Investigation; Laboratories; Laboratory Research; Laboratory Study; Mindfulness Training; Outcome; Pattern; Perception; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Prevention; Prevention program; Public Health; Publishing; Reaction; Reporting; Research; Resources; Risk; Risk Reduction; Risk-Taking; Role; Self-control as a personality trait; Structure; Testing; Time; Training; United States; alcohol effect; alcohol response; base; behavioral impairment; binge drinking; breath alcohol measurement; drinking; driving behavior; driving under influence; efficacy testing; hazardous drinking; improved; innovation; motivational enhancement therapy; offender; prevent; programs; recidivism; reduced alcohol use; response; risk perception; sobriety; success; trait impulsivity; treatment program

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Alcohol-related traffic fatality and injury continue to be a major public health problem in the United States. Driving under the influence (DUI) remains one of the most frequently repeated offenses, with over one-third of offenders being charged with a second DUI offense within five years. Prevention programs involve motivational interviewing and education with emphasis on increasing the offender’s perceptions of the risks associated with alcohol use (i.e., increasing “risk awareness”). Our laboratory research has examined acute responses to alcohol in DUI offenders and showed they display heightened impulsivity and reduced perceptions of impairment. This suggests a lack of risk awareness in the intoxicated state, when critical decisions are made about whether or not to drive. This 4-year R01 proposal builds on this evidence by testing the efficacy of feedback-based training to increase DUI offenders’ perceptions of risk associated with alcohol use. DUI offenders will undergo experiential feedback-based training in which they are administered controlled doses of alcohol and receive structured feedback and training to accurately appraise the behavioral impairing effects of the dose and accurately estimate their breath alcohol concentration. The research tests the hypothesis that this training will increase risk awareness among DUI offenders during intoxication as evident by reduced disinhibiting and risk-taking effects in response to alcohol. Our evidence for atypical reactions to alcohol among DUI offenders truly breaks new ground and identifies promising treatment targets for new interventions to reduce recidivism. Testing the efficacy of this experiential-based feedback approach represents a logical next step that advances the field by building upon the basic science to date.

项目摘要/摘要 在美国，与酒精有关的交通死亡和伤害仍然是一个主要的公共卫生问题。 在影响下驾驶（DUI）仍然是最常见的犯罪之一，其中三分之一以上 罪犯在五年内被控第二次DUI罪。预防计划涉及激励性 采访和教育，重点是增加罪犯对与之相关的风险的看法 饮酒（即增加“风险意识”）。我们的实验室研究检查了对 DUI罪犯的酒精，并向他们展示了强烈的冲动性和对 损害。这表明在做出重大决定时，陷入焦化状态缺乏风险意识 关于是否开车。这项为期4年的R01提案通过测试效率以此为基础 基于反馈的培训，以增加DUI罪犯对酒精使用相关的风险的看法。 DUI 罪犯将接受经验丰富的基于反馈的培训，在其中管理他们的受控剂量 酒精并接受结构化的反馈和培训，以准确评估 剂量并准确估计其呼吸含量浓度。该研究检验了以下假设 培训将在中毒期间提高DUI罪犯的风险意识 对酒精的抑制和冒险效应。我们证明对酒精非典型反应的证据 DUI罪犯确实打破了新的地面，并确定了新干预措施的承诺治疗目标 减少累犯。测试这种基于经验的反馈方法的效率代表了一个合乎逻辑的下一步 迄今为止，基础科学依靠基础科学来促进该领域的步骤。