Impaired Risk Awareness during Intoxication in Recidivist DUI Offenders

酒后驾车累犯醉酒期间风险意识受损

• 批准号: 10491074
• 负责人: Mark T Fillmore
• 金额: $ 32万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-20 至 2025-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10491074
• 关键词: Acute; Address; Alcohol consumption; Alcoholic Intoxication; Alcohols; Automobile Driving; Awareness; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Mechanisms; Blood alcohol level measurement; Characteristics; Charge; Coupled; Disinhibition; Dose; Economics; Education; Expectancy; Feedback; Impairment; Impulsivity; Individual; Injury; Intervention; Intoxication; Investigation; Laboratories; Laboratory Research; Laboratory Study; Mindfulness Training; Outcome; Pattern; Perception; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Prevention; Prevention program; Public Health; Publishing; Reaction; Reporting; Research; Resources; Risk; Risk Reduction; Risk-Taking; Role; Self-control as a personality trait; Structure; Testing; Time; Training; United States; alcohol effect; alcohol response; base; behavioral impairment; binge drinking; breath alcohol measurement; drinking; driving behavior; driving under influence; efficacy testing; hazardous drinking; improved; innovation; motivational enhancement therapy; offender; prevent; programs; recidivism; reduced alcohol use; response; risk perception; sobriety; success; trait impulsivity; treatment program

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Alcohol-related traffic fatality and injury continue to be a major public health problem in the United States. Driving under the influence (DUI) remains one of the most frequently repeated offenses, with over one-third of offenders being charged with a second DUI offense within five years. Prevention programs involve motivational interviewing and education with emphasis on increasing the offender’s perceptions of the risks associated with alcohol use (i.e., increasing “risk awareness”). Our laboratory research has examined acute responses to alcohol in DUI offenders and showed they display heightened impulsivity and reduced perceptions of impairment. This suggests a lack of risk awareness in the intoxicated state, when critical decisions are made about whether or not to drive. This 4-year R01 proposal builds on this evidence by testing the efficacy of feedback-based training to increase DUI offenders’ perceptions of risk associated with alcohol use. DUI offenders will undergo experiential feedback-based training in which they are administered controlled doses of alcohol and receive structured feedback and training to accurately appraise the behavioral impairing effects of the dose and accurately estimate their breath alcohol concentration. The research tests the hypothesis that this training will increase risk awareness among DUI offenders during intoxication as evident by reduced disinhibiting and risk-taking effects in response to alcohol. Our evidence for atypical reactions to alcohol among DUI offenders truly breaks new ground and identifies promising treatment targets for new interventions to reduce recidivism. Testing the efficacy of this experiential-based feedback approach represents a logical next step that advances the field by building upon the basic science to date.

项目总结/摘要 与酒精有关的交通伤亡仍然是美国的一个主要公共卫生问题。 酒后驾车（DUI）仍然是最常见的违法行为之一，超过三分之一的人 五年内第二次被控酒后驾车的罪犯。预防计划包括动机 面谈和教育，重点是提高罪犯对与犯罪有关的风险的认识， 酒精使用（即，提高“风险意识”。我们的实验室研究已经检查了对 酒精在DUI罪犯中的作用，并表明他们表现出更高的冲动性， 损伤这表明在醉酒状态下，当做出关键决定时，缺乏风险意识 关于是否开车本4年R 01提案通过测试以下有效性建立在此证据的基础上： 基于反馈的培训，以提高酒后驾车罪犯对与饮酒有关的风险的认识。DUI 罪犯将接受基于经验反馈的培训，在培训中，他们将接受控制剂量的 酒精和接受结构化的反馈和培训，以准确评估行为损害的影响， 剂量和准确估计他们的呼吸酒精浓度。这项研究验证了一个假设， 培训将提高酒后驾车罪犯在醉酒期间的风险意识， 对酒精的抑制和冒险作用。我们对酒精的非典型反应的证据， DUI罪犯真正开辟了新天地，并确定了新干预措施的有希望的治疗目标， 减少累犯。测试这种基于经验的反馈方法的有效性是合乎逻辑的下一步 通过建立在迄今为止的基础科学上来推进该领域的步骤。