Impaired Risk Awareness during Intoxication in Recidivist DUI Offenders

酒后驾车累犯醉酒期间风险意识受损

• 批准号: 10661079
• 负责人: Mark T Fillmore
• 金额: $ 32万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-20 至 2025-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10661079
• 关键词: Acute; Address; Alcohol consumption; Alcoholic Intoxication; Alcohols; Automobile Driving; Awareness; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Mechanisms; Blood alcohol level measurement; Characteristics; Charge; Coupled; Decision Making; Dedications; Disinhibition; Dose; Economics; Education; Expectancy; Feedback; Impairment; Impulsivity; Individual; Injury; Intervention; Intoxication; Investigation; Laboratories; Laboratory Research; Laboratory Study; Mindfulness Training; Outcome; Pattern; Perception; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Prevention; Prevention program; Public Health; Publishing; Reaction; Reporting; Research; Resources; Risk; Risk Taking; Role; Self-control as a personality trait; Structure; Testing; Time; Training; United States; alcohol effect; alcohol response; behavioral impairment; binge drinking; breath alcohol measurement; drinking; driving behavior; driving under influence; efficacy testing; hazardous drinking; improved; innovation; motivational enhancement therapy; novel therapeutic intervention; offender; prevent; programs; recidivism; reduced alcohol use; response; risk perception; sobriety; success; trait impulsivity; treatment program

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Alcohol-related traffic fatality and injury continue to be a major public health problem in the United States. Driving under the influence (DUI) remains one of the most frequently repeated offenses, with over one-third of offenders being charged with a second DUI offense within five years. Prevention programs involve motivational interviewing and education with emphasis on increasing the offender’s perceptions of the risks associated with alcohol use (i.e., increasing “risk awareness”). Our laboratory research has examined acute responses to alcohol in DUI offenders and showed they display heightened impulsivity and reduced perceptions of impairment. This suggests a lack of risk awareness in the intoxicated state, when critical decisions are made about whether or not to drive. This 4-year R01 proposal builds on this evidence by testing the efficacy of feedback-based training to increase DUI offenders’ perceptions of risk associated with alcohol use. DUI offenders will undergo experiential feedback-based training in which they are administered controlled doses of alcohol and receive structured feedback and training to accurately appraise the behavioral impairing effects of the dose and accurately estimate their breath alcohol concentration. The research tests the hypothesis that this training will increase risk awareness among DUI offenders during intoxication as evident by reduced disinhibiting and risk-taking effects in response to alcohol. Our evidence for atypical reactions to alcohol among DUI offenders truly breaks new ground and identifies promising treatment targets for new interventions to reduce recidivism. Testing the efficacy of this experiential-based feedback approach represents a logical next step that advances the field by building upon the basic science to date.

项目概要/摘要 与酒精相关的交通伤亡仍然是美国的一个主要公共卫生问题。 酒后驾车 (DUI) 仍然是最常见的违法行为之一，超过三分之一的人 五年内第二次酒驾犯罪的罪犯被指控。预防计划涉及激励 面谈和教育，重点是提高犯罪者对相关风险的认识 饮酒（即提高“风险意识”）。我们的实验室研究检查了对以下疾病的急性反应 酒后驾车罪犯中的酒精含量，并表明他们表现出高度的冲动性和减少的感知 损害。这表明在醉酒状态下做出关键决策时缺乏风险意识 关于是否开车。这项为期 4 年的 R01 提案以这一证据为基础，测试了以下各项的功效： 基于反馈的培训，以提高酒后驾车罪犯对与饮酒相关的风险的认知。酒后驾车 罪犯将接受基于经验反馈的培训，其中他们将接受受控剂量的 酒精并接受结构化反馈和培训，以准确评估酒精对行为的损害影响 剂量并准确估计他们呼出的酒精浓度。该研究检验了这一假设： 培训将提高酒后驾车罪犯在醉酒期间的风险意识，这一点可以通过减少 对酒精的抑制和冒险作用。我们关于酒精非典型反应的证据 酒后驾车罪犯真正开辟了新天地，并确定了新干预措施的有希望的治疗目标 减少累犯。测试这种基于经验的反馈方法的有效性代表了合乎逻辑的下一步 通过建立迄今为止的基础科学来推进该领域的一步。