The role of prior knowledge and event segmentation in age- and Alzheimer's-related changes in event memory

先验知识和事件分割在年龄和阿尔茨海默病相关事件记忆变化中的作用

• 批准号: 10529012
• 负责人: Heather Bailey
• 金额: $ 42.07万
• 依托单位: KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-15 至 2027-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10529012
• 关键词: Address; Age; Alzheimer' s Disease; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Brain region; Caregivers; Cognitive; Communities; Complex; Coupling; Cues; Elderly; Electroencephalography; Episodic memory; Event; Failure; Family; Friends; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Grain; Health; Healthcare; Hippocampus (Brain); Individual; Knowledge; Laboratories; Lead; Learning; Life; Link; Maintenance; Measures; Medial; Mediating; Memory; Memory Loss; Methods; Mission; Modeling; Nature; Neuropsychology; Organism; Pattern; Perception; Performance; Persons; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Psyche structure; Quality of life; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Retrieval; Role; Sampling; Science; Semantic memory; Semantics; Shapes; Stimulus; Stream; Structure; Support System; Symptoms; Testing; United States National Institutes of Health; Update; Vision; Work; age related; disability; experience; healthy aging; improved; indexing; innovation; insight; knowledge of results; long term memory; loved ones; mental representation; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; new technology; novel; novel strategies; preservation; recruit; scaffold; spatiotemporal; young adult

PROJECT SUMMARY The hallmark symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and most common complaint among cognitively healthy older adults is memory loss, especially for everyday events such as conversations with a loved one, a meal with friends, a trip to the grocery store. However, there is a critical difference between remembering these types of events and those that are often measured in the laboratory or in neuropsychological batteries, which often lack real-world contextual meaning. This project will investigate failures in memory for everyday activities by using dynamic real-world stimuli in which episodic memory is formed during a continuous stream of experience. We will test the extent to which older adults use semantic knowledge to create stable mental representations during the continuous stream of everyday experiences, and whether this ability changes in the early stages of AD. Such knowledge-related improvements could benefit older adults' ability to remember day-to-day information, make effective decisions in everyday life (e.g., decisions about healthcare and estate planning), and interact with new technology––all of which will improve their quality of life. This goal is highly relevant to the NIH core mission “to seek fundamental knowledge about the nature and behavior of living systems and the application of that knowledge to enhance health, lengthen life, and reduce illness and disability.” Aim 1 of this project will determine whether deficits in event memory are explained by age-related differences in maintaining stable mental representations during an experience. Aim 2 will determine whether older adults can effectively integrate new event information into existing knowledge structures. Aim 3 will determine whether cueing prior knowledge improves event memory in early-stage AD. The project will use an innovative combination of behavioral and neurophysiological measures of event encoding to address these aims. It will also use dynamic activities that are often encountered in daily life—the kind that older adults report having difficulties remembering. We predict that mPFC-mediated prior knowledge will facilitate the integration of new event information with prior knowledge resulting in better segmentation and event memory for older adults. However, when no prior knowledge is available, the extent to which people can effectively segment an activity (supported by mPFC-hippocampal coupling) will predict memory performance. Further, we predict that cueing relevant knowledge will scaffold the learning of new schema-consistent event information in cognitively healthy older adults and those with early AD. Our goal of improving older adults' ability to encode and retrieve everyday activities is aligned with the NIA's vision for older adults to “enjoy robust health and independence, remain physically and mentally active, and continue to make positive contributions to their families and communities.”

项目摘要 阿尔茨海默氏病（AD）的标志性症状以及认知健康中最常见的抱怨 老年人是记忆丧失，尤其是对于每天的事件，例如与亲人的对话，一顿饭 朋友，去杂货店的旅行。但是，记住这些类型的 事件以及经常在实验室或神经心理电池中测量的事件，通常缺乏 现实世界的上下文含义。该项目将通过使用每天活动的记忆失败 动态现实世界刺激在连续的经验流中形成情节记忆。我们将 测试老年人使用语义知识在多大程度上创建稳定的心理表征 每天经历的连续流以及这种能力是否在AD的早期阶段发生变化。 这种与知识相关的改进可以使老年人记住日常信息的能力， 在日常生活中做出有效的决定（例如，关于医疗保健和房地产计划的决定），并进行互动 借助新技术 - 所有这些都将改善其生活质量。这个目标与NIH核心高度相关 使命“寻求有关生活系统的性质和行为的基本知识，并应用 这些知识以提高健康，延长生命并减少疾病和残疾。”该项目的目标1将 确定在事件记忆中定义是否通过与年龄相关的差异来说明 经验中的心理表征。 AIM 2将确定老年人是否可以有效 将新事件信息集成到现有知识结构中。 AIM 3将确定是否提示 知识改善了早期广告中的事件记忆。该项目将使用创新的组合 事件编码以解决这些目标的行为和神经生理学措施。它也将使用动态 经常在日常生活中遇到的活动 - 老年人报告困难的活动 记住。我们预测MPFC介导的先验知识将有助于新事件的整合 具有先验知识的信息，可为老年人提供更好的细分和事件记忆。然而， 如果没有先验知识，人们可以有效地分割活动的程度（受支持） 通过MPFC-HAPPOCAMPAL耦合）将预测内存性能。此外，我们预测提示相关 知识将在认知健康的老年 成人和早期广告的人。我们提高老年人每天编码和检索能力的目标 活动与NIA对老年人的愿景保持一致 身体和精神上的活跃，并继续为其家庭和社区做出积极的贡献。”