Assessment of Language and Cognition in Older Deaf Signers

老年聋人手语者的语言和认知评估

• 批准号: 10551287
• 负责人: Tamar Gollan
• 金额: $ 68.85万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-01-15 至 2026-12-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10551287
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Affect; Age; Aging; Alzheimer' s Disease; Alzheimer' s disease diagnosis; Alzheimer' s disease risk; American Sign Language; Assessment tool; Behavioral; Cognition; Cognitive; Cognitive deficits; Communication; Communities; Compensation; Complex; Counseling; Data; Diagnosis; Disparity population; Early Diagnosis; Elderly; English Language; Exclusion; Exhibits; Exposure to; Future; Goals; Health Status; Hearing; Impaired cognition; Impairment; Individual; Knowledge; Language; Language Disorders; Language Tests; Life; Linguistics; Literature; Measures; Memory; Memory Loss; Methods; Mission; Names; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; Neuropsychological Tests; Parents; Patients; Pattern; Performance; Persons; Population; Population Heterogeneity; Poverty; Prevalence; Proactive Inhibition; Probability; Procedures; Production; Research; Sampling; Schools; Semantics; Sign Language; Speech; Testing; Vocabulary; Work; Writing; bilingualism; cognitive reserve; cognitive testing; cohort; comparison group; deaf; deafness; dementia risk; deprivation; diagnostic accuracy; early experience; executive function; health disparity; hearing impairment; human old age (65+); improved; lens; non-verbal; normal hearing; performance tests; prevent; recruit; response; verbal

This proposed project will develop tests and methods for assessment of cognitive status in deaf older adults (aged ≥65), focusing primarily on those who use both American Sign Language (ASL) and written English to communicate. In spoken language bilinguals, sensitivity to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is maximized when testing occurs in the dominant language, but it is not known if this applies to bilingual deaf seniors, a group that presents many challenges for assessment and diagnosis. Few tests have been developed for administration with deaf signers, and vanishingly little is known about the behavioral presentation of AD in this population. In Aim 1 we will develop tests of language proficiency, list memory, and executive function (i.e., Stroop) that can be administered in ASL or English. We will investigate which language maximizes test performance in deaf ASL-English bilinguals, information we believe is critical for avoiding a false-positive diagnosis of AD. Many seniors who were pre-lingually deaf suffered language deprivation that could alter the behavioral presentation of AD since they lacked full access to a spoken language and their use of sign language was discouraged. In Aim 2 we will test a small sample of deaf signers with probable AD to determine which language of testing maximizes differences between patients and controls (tested in Aim 1), and if deaf signers with probable AD exhibit patterns of impairment found in hearing AD (including reduced delayed recall, reduced primacy effects, increased proactive interference on list memory tests, and increased errors on Stroop tests). We will also conduct a detailed exploratory linguistic analysis of proficiency narratives, aiming to identify how AD affects production of more complex and naturalistic forms of language in deaf signers. In Aim 3 we will examine the possible effects of language deprivation and speech/sign bilingualism on cognitive reserve by recruiting 2 additional comparison groups of cognitively healthy monolingual seniors: those with normal hearing and those with late-onset aging-related deafness. Individuals who lost their hearing late-in-life have reduced exposure to linguistic interactions because of their hearing loss, and this increases their dementia risk. Comparison of these groups will provide a unique lens on the possible effects of early versus recent language deprivation on cognition. Participation of seniors with aging-related deafness will also increase the potential significance of the proposed work by providing data on written English tests which may be useful for assessment of monolingual seniors with late-life hearing loss. This project will constitute a major advancement in tests and procedures for cognitive assessment of older deaf signers, a historically disadvantaged group, will improve understanding of how diverse linguistic backgrounds may alter the behavioral presentation of AD, and will contribute to the NIA mission to “Understand health disparities related to aging and develop strategies to improve the health status of older adults in diverse populations” (in Strategic Directions for Research, Goal F).

本计划将发展测试及方法，以评估失聪长者的认知状况