DEVELOPMENT OF COGNITIVE ACTIVATION TASKS FOR FUNCTIONAL NEUROIMAGING

在过去的一年里，我们开发并测试了各种认知 功能性神经成像和PET NMRI的任务。 1. 使用涉及威斯康星州卡片分类和 阴影（受试者听到然后重复单词）。 我们观察到 在双重任务条件下的激活减少和定性 小脑活动增加。 这些结果表明，认知 超负荷现象可能与神经系统的幻灭有关。 网络和随之而来的性能损害。 2. 使用连续工作记忆任务（“n-back测试”），我们发现 精神分裂症患者与正常人之间差异有高度显著性 受试者的前额叶激活通过功能磁共振成像测量。 这项任务要求 对工作记忆系统的持续需求，因为它需要 在延迟和抗干扰方面保持信息。 3. 我们开发了一个用于功能磁共振成像的情景识别记忆任务 为了检验记忆的“处理层次”， 在正常人和精神分裂症患者身上都有功能。 另外我们有 解决了语言流畅性任务中的技术问题（语义和 语音），其涉及运动伪像和噪声抑制。 因此，除了工作记忆，我们将能够评估情景记忆， 记忆和语义记忆。

Over the past year, we have developed and tested a variety of cognitive tasks for functional neuroimaging and PET NMRI. 1. Using a dual task paradigm involving the Wisconsin Card Sort and shadowing (subjects hear then repeat words). We observed striking decreases in activation during the dual task condition and qualitative increases in cerebellar activation. These results suggest that cognitive overload phenomena may be associated with the disillusion of neural networks and consequent impairments in performance. 2. Using a continuous working memory task ("n-back test"), we found highly significant differences between schizophrenic patients and normal subjects in prefrontal activation as measured by fMRI. This task imposes continuous demands on the working memory system as it necessitates the maintenance of information over delays and resistance to interference. 3. We developed an episodic recognition memory task to be used in fMRI in order to examine a "levels of processing" account of memory functioning in normal subjects and schizophrenics. In addition, we have worked out technical problems in verbal fluency tasks (semantic and phonologic) that involve both movement artifact and noise suppression. Thus in addition to working memory, we will be able to evaluate episodic memory and semantic memory.