CHARACTERIZATION OF NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL IMPAIRMENT IN SCHIZOPHRENIA

精神分裂症神经心理损伤的特征

• 批准号: 2578842
• 负责人: T E GOLDBERG
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2578842
• 关键词: behavioral genetics; brain injury; clinical research; cognition; cognition disorders; disease /disorder proneness /risk; genetic markers; human subject; mental disorder diagnosis; neural information processing; neuropsychological tests; neuropsychology; psychopharmacology; schizophrenia; semantics

For the past year, we have attempted to characterize various facets of cognitive abnormalities in schizophrenia. Kolb had been especially interested in attempting to delineate the cognitive components of subprocesses involved in various paradigms. 1. We have continued our work examining the relationship between thought disorder and abnormalities in semantic memory. We have assessed patients on semantic memory measures while receiving neuroleptic medications and while receiving placebo. In addition, we have examined semantic organization by using a "triadic" pair comparison task in order to assess the stability of semantic organization over time in patients and in normals. Furthermore, we have developed a visual semantic test based on notions of semantic boundaries between objects. 2. We have examined working memory in two paradigms. First, we have continued our work on understanding the "n-bac" task and have assessed large numbers of normal individuals and found a linear increase in difficulties that was consistent with our predictions about specific task manipulations (e.g., the addition of catch trials, increasing delays). Second, we have looked at the Brown-Peterson task and systematically manipulated delay, memory load and interference. We found that capacity limitations and failures in central executive rather than slave system performance were associated most strongly with schizophrenia. Delay did not have a differential effect on patients. 3. We have devised a series of tests to better understand the cognitive components of the CPT. We will examine working memory, stimulus response mapping, and response preparation as alternatives in more fundamental processes associated with CPT performance. 4. In order to assess specificity of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, we examined patients with traumatic brain injury. We found marked differences between them and patients with schizophrenia. Patients with schizophrenia performed significantly worse on a wide variety of tasks. It should be noted that the patients with traumatic brain injury had significant degrees of posttraumatic amnesia (i.e., >2 weeks). We suggest that the degree of impairment in schizophrenia is quite severe. 5. We have commenced a large study in which we will use cognitive variables as phenotypic markers and attempt to link these to allelic abnormalities in schizophrenia in order to better understand genetic susceptibility to this disorder. In particular, it is our hypothesis that neurocognitive measures may be better phenotypic markers than symptom based diagnosis.

在过去的一年里，我们试图从不同方面描述 精神分裂症患者的认知异常。科尔布特别是 有兴趣尝试描绘出认知成分 不同范例中涉及的子流程。 1.我们继续研究两国之间的关系 语义记忆中的思维障碍和异常。我们已经评估了 患者在接受抗精神病药物治疗时的语义记忆测试 在接受药物治疗的同时，服用安慰剂。此外，我们还审查了 有序使用三元配对比较任务进行语义组织 评估患者语义组织随时间变化的稳定性 在正常情况下也是如此。此外，我们还开发了一种视觉语义测试 基于对象之间的语义边界的概念。 2.我们用两种范式考察了工作记忆。首先，我们有 继续我们了解“n-bac”任务的工作，并评估了 大量的正常个体，并发现 与我们对特定任务的预测一致的困难 操纵(例如，增加试捕、增加延误)。 第二，我们已经研究了Brown-Peterson任务，并系统地 操纵延迟、内存负载和干扰。我们发现了这个容量 中央执行系统而不是从属系统的局限性和故障 表现与精神分裂症的相关性最强。延迟做了 对患者没有不同的影响。 3.我们设计了一系列测试，以更好地理解认知 CPT的组件。我们将检查工作记忆、刺激反应 测绘和响应准备作为更基本的替代方案 与CPT性能相关的流程。 4.为了评估认知功能障碍的特异性， 精神分裂症，我们检查了创伤性脑损伤的患者。我们 发现他们与精神分裂症患者之间存在显著差异。 精神分裂症患者在广泛的方面表现明显更差 各种任务。应该注意的是，患有创伤的患者 脑损伤有严重程度的创伤后遗忘症(即 几周)。我们认为精神分裂症患者的损害程度为 非常严重。 5.我们已经开始了一项大型研究，在研究中我们将使用认知 变量作为表型标记，并试图将它们与等位基因联系起来 精神分裂症的异常，以便更好地了解遗传学 易患这种疾病的人。特别是，这是我们的假设 神经认知测量可能是更好的表型标记 基于症状的诊断。