PREVENTING ALCOHOL TRAUMA: A COMMUNITY TRIAL

这项预防试验的目标是实施和评估 五年全面社区干预以减少酗酒 创伤，即与酒精有关的交通事故，包括受伤和 死亡，与酒精有关的非交通死亡和非故意死亡 包括烧伤、溺水和跌倒在内的伤害。 为了实现这两个目标，研究包括实施和 使用五种相互作用和相互作用的方法评估社区干预 支持组件： 社区知识、价值观和动员部分，包括 与实验社区中现有的社区联盟合作 实施具体干预措施并发展综合公众 宣传和教育计划，支持总体目标和 个别因素，包括对酒精相关创伤的担忧， 血液酒精浓度与精神损害的关系 增加死亡或受伤的风险，以及估计BAC的技能。 负责任的饮料服务组成部分，包括培训服务员 和酒店内酒类销售点的所有者/经理，以识别醉酒者 和/或酒吧和餐馆的未成年顾客，并发展和 实施餐饮服务政策，降低 顾客醉酒或醉酒后驾车。 包括学校发展在内的未成年饮酒部分 (包括标准课程补充)和社区方案 父母和青少年关心销售和获得 未成年人饮酒，以及对场外酒类零售商进行培训 减少对未成年人的销售。 酒后驾车的风险增加了实际和 受影响的司机的知觉风险逮捕率 一杯酒。此组件包括通过以下方式提高DWI效率 培训执法人员掌握识别酒后驾车司机的新技术 以及使用被动酒精传感器来增加发生 侦测。 获得酒精的部分包括使用当地的分区权力和 其他市政控制插座密度，以减少可获得性 酒精。 研究设计为准实验设计，共三对实验。 比较社区：加利福尼亚州萨利纳斯和莫德斯托；佛罗伦萨和萨姆特 南卡罗来纳州的县；华盛顿州的Whatcom和Cowlitz县。第一年是一个 基线数据收集和规划阶段，涉及以下各项 社区和急诊室调查以及档案的利用 唱片。第二年到第四年是干预阶段，利用 对社区的迭代过程评估和基于媒体的反馈。 最后一个项目年有三个部分：(A)成果评价，包括 社区级事故和事故数据分析，(B)过程 对整个项目和组成部分执行情况的评价，以及(C) 将社区方案组成部分制度化，以确保 研究完成后的连续性。

The objective of this prevention trial is to implement and evaluate a comprehensive five-year community intervention to reduce alcohol-involved trauma, i.e., alcohol-involved traffic crashes including injuries and fatalities, and alcohol-involved non-traffic fatalities and unintentional injuries including burns, drownings, and falls. To achieve these two goals, the research consists of the implementation and evaluation of a community-based intervention using five interacting and supportive components: A COMMUNITY KNOWLEDGE, VALUES, AND MOBILIZATION component which consists of working with existing community coalitions in the experimental communities to implement specific interventions and developing an integrated public awareness and education program which support overall goals and those of individual components, including concern about alcohol-involved trauma, the relationship of Blood Alcohol Concentration and impairment as related to increased risk of death or injury, and skills in estimating BAC. A RESPONSIBLE BEVERAGE SERVICE component that includes training of servers and owner/managers of on-premise alcohol outlets to identify intoxicated and/or underage customers in bars and restaurants and to develop and implement beverage service policies that reduce the probability of customers becoming intoxicated or of driving when intoxicated. An UNDERAGE DRINKING component that includes the development of school (including a normative curriculum complement) and community programs for parents and adolescents concerned with issues of sales and access to alcohol by minors, and the training of off-premise alcohol retailers to reduce sales to minors. A RISK OF DRINKING AND DRIVING component that increases the actual and perceived risk of apprehension rate of drivers who are under the influence of alcohol. This component consists of increasing DWI efficiency through training enforcement officers in new techniques for identifying DWI drivers and the use of passive alcohol sensors to increase the probability of detection. An ACCESS TO ALCOHOL component includes the use of local zoning powers and other municipal control of outlet density to reduce the availability of alcohol. The research design is quasi-experimental with three pairs of experimental and comparison communities: Salinas and Modesto, CA; Florence and Sumter Counties, SC; and Whatcom and Cowlitz Counties, WA. The first year is a baseline data collection and planning phase involving a combination of community and emergency room surveys as well as the use of archival records. Years Two through Four are intervention phases which make use of an iterative process evaluation and media-based feedback to the community. The final project year has three parts: (a) outcome evaluation including the analysis of community-level crash and accident data, (b) process evaluation of the total project and component implementation, and (c) the institutionalization of the community program components in order to ensure continuity after the research is completed.