TOXICOLOGY STUDIES OF LEAD

进行了一项研究，以比较 来自不同环境来源的铅可能各不相同，这取决于 污染源（灰尘、铅矿、尾矿、溢出物等）。危险风险 对人类有害，因此需要去除铅材料的来源 必须坚决。开发了使用F344大鼠的动物模型， 比较纯铅盐与相关铅盐的毒性和生物利用度 铅污染的环境来源。研究铅矿石从 Skagway AK，表明铅可以被吸收，积累在生命中 器官，并且接触时间较长，可能会导致毒性反应。 来自阿拉斯加、密苏里州和 科罗拉多进行了更长时间的研究，以确定是否 会产生更大的毒性。 来自阿拉斯加、密苏里州和科罗拉多矿山的铅矿样品被送到 90天，以比较不同地区的材料。 男性 F344大鼠分别饲喂醋酸铅、氧化铅、硫化铅和铅精矿 从Skagway，AK，进行30天的毒性比较， 这些材料的生物利用度。可溶性醋酸铅和氧化铅 在骨和软组织中的累积程度大于在骨和软组织中的累积程度。 可溶性硫化铅与铅矿有较强的相关性 剂量和骨铅之间的关系，无论来源如何。氨基乙酰丙酸 低于20 μ g/g骨铅时，酸性生物标志物无效。血铅 在喂食可溶性铅的大鼠中约为80微克/克， 可溶性铅含量较低的动物中喂食可溶性铅的老鼠体内积累了大约 10-肾和脑铅含量比可溶性铅含量低的动物高10倍。 然而，可检测的和潜在的有毒铅浓度 在喂食铅矿或硫化铅的大鼠的肾脏和大脑中积累， 这表明随着暴露时间的延长，更多的铅会积累。 大鼠在注射30或100 ppm醋酸铅后出现肾脏损伤 但在其他治疗组中没有。

A study was conducted to compare the toxicity and bioavailability of lead from diverse environmental sources could vary, depending on the source (dust, lead ore, mine tailings, spills, etc.). The hazardous risk to humans and thus need for removal of the source of lead material must be determined. An animal model using F344 rats was developed to compare the toxicity and bioavailability of pure lead salts with relevant environmental sources of lead contamination. Studies with lead ore from Skagway AK, indicated lead could be absorbed, accumulate in vital organs, and with longer exposure, might result in toxic responses. Sources of lead from other mining sites in Alaska, Missouri, and Colorado were investigated in more lengthy studies to determine if greater toxicity would ensue. Lead ore samples from Alaska, Missouri, and Colorado mines were fed to rats for 90 days to compare the materials from different areas. Male F344 rats were fed lead acetate, oxide, sulfide, and lead ore concentrate from Skagway, AK, for 30 days to compare the toxicity and bioavailability of these materials. The soluble lead acetate and oxide accumulated to a greater degree in bone and soft tissues than the less soluble lead sulfide and lead ore, but there was a strong correlation between dose and bone lead irrespective of source. The aminolevulinic acid biomarker was ineffective below 20 microg/g bone lead. Blood lead was about 80 microg/g in rats fed soluble leads, and about 20 microg/g in those fed less soluble leads. Rats fed soluble leads accumulated about 10-fold higher kidney and brain lead than those fed less soluble leads. However, detectable and potentially toxic lead concentrations accumulated in kidney and brain of rats fed lead ore or lead sulfide, suggesting that with longer exposure more lead would accumulate. Kidney lesions occurred in rats dosed with 30 or 100 ppm lead acetate but not in other treatment groups.