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The impact of childhood adversity on violent crime in adolescence and early adulthood

童年逆境对青春期和成年早期暴力犯罪的影响

基本信息

批准号：
ES/T014393/1
负责人：
Rosaleen Peggy Cornish
金额：
$ 30.36万
依托单位：
University of Bristol
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2021 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FT014393%2F1
关键词：
impact childhood adversity violent crime

项目摘要

Even though rates of overall crime have gone down in the UK over the last two decades, levels of serious violence in the past four years indicate a reversal of this trend. As a result, tackling serious violence has become a UK Government priority. One of the main ways to prevent youth involvement in violence is to identify and limit its early causes.It is well-known that individuals who have had traumatic or stressful experiences during childhood (referred to as adverse childhood experiences or childhood adversity) - such as being a victim of child abuse or having a parent who suffers from a mental illness - are more likely to engage in violence during adolescence and early adulthood. However, it is not clear which adverse experiences contribute most to violence nor whether they have a greater or lesser impact if experienced at different ages. The aim of our project is to answer these questions.We will address several research questions about the relationship between childhood adversity and serious violence during adolescence and early adulthood. We will consider a wide range of adversities including (but not restricted to) abuse (emotional, physical, and sexual), bullying, bereavement, and parental substance abuse, mental illness, and criminality. The choice of adversities to include in our analyses will be informed in part by the Ambassadors for Vulnerable Children and Young People on our steering group (these are young people who have experience of adversity in childhood, and who are employed by local authorities as ambassadors). We will identify whether any of these adversities have a particularly large impact on the risk of being involved in violent crime as a teenager or a young adult. Another goal is to determine whether there are critical periods during childhood where exposure to adversity - either in general or to one or more specific adversities - puts a child at particularly high risk. We also plan to investigate what role school attainment and attendance, mental health, and risk-taking behaviours (such as taking drugs) play in the relationship between childhood adversity and violence.To fulfil the goals of our project, we will use data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a world-leading data resource that has recorded extremely detailed information on the health, development and family circumstances of approximately 14,500 families living in the Bristol area since the early 1990s. Data collection started during pregnancy and has continued year on year ever since. The richness of this data resource makes it possible to answer questions that previous studies have been unable to address. We will link ALSPAC to data provided by Avon and Somerset police to generate the richest data set on violence and childhood adversity ever created in the UK, further enhancing this unique resource and enabling other researchers to investigate the causes and consequences of offending in new ways.Our findings will shed light on how and when we can best intervene with children (or families) at risk of violence. Addressing these key questions has the potential to help reduce rates of violent crime and to provide a better understanding of how childhood experience contributes to violence that will benefit perpetrators and their families, victims, practitioners, policy makers and the general public.

尽管过去二十年来英国的整体犯罪率有所下降，但过去四年的严重暴力水平表明这一趋势发生了逆转。因此，解决严重暴力问题已成为联合王国政府的优先事项。预防青少年参与暴力的主要方法之一是查明和限制其早期原因，众所周知，在童年时期有过创伤或压力经历的人，（称为不良童年经历或童年逆境）-例如成为虐待儿童的受害者或父母患有精神疾病-在青春期和成年早期更有可能参与暴力行为。然而，不清楚哪些不良经历最容易导致暴力，也不清楚如果在不同年龄经历，这些经历的影响是大还是小。我们项目的目的是回答这些问题。我们将解决几个关于童年逆境与青春期和成年早期严重暴力之间关系的研究问题。我们将考虑各种各样的逆境，包括（但不限于）虐待（情感，身体和性），欺凌，丧亲之痛，父母滥用药物，精神疾病和犯罪。我们的指导小组中的弱势儿童和青少年大使（这些人是童年经历过逆境的年轻人，他们被地方当局聘为大使）将在一定程度上为我们选择的分析中包括的逆境提供信息。我们将确定这些逆境中是否有任何一种对青少年或年轻人参与暴力犯罪的风险有特别大的影响。另一个目标是确定在儿童时期是否有暴露于逆境的关键时期-无论是一般的逆境还是一种或多种具体的逆境-使儿童处于特别高的风险之中。我们还计划调查学校成绩和出勤率、心理健康和冒险行为在儿童健康中的作用。为了实现我们项目的目标，我们将使用来自雅芳父母和儿童纵向研究（ALSPAC）的数据，这是一个世界领先的数据资源，记录了关于儿童健康的非常详细的信息，自20世纪90年代初以来，生活在布里斯托地区的大约14 500个家庭的发展和家庭情况。数据收集始于怀孕期间，此后每年都在继续。这种数据资源的丰富性使得回答以前的研究无法解决的问题成为可能。我们将把ALSPAC与雅芳和萨默塞特警方提供的数据联系起来，以生成英国有史以来最丰富的暴力和儿童逆境数据集，进一步增强这一独特资源，并使其他研究人员能够以新的方式调查犯罪的原因和后果。我们的研究结果将阐明我们如何以及何时能够最好地干预有暴力风险的儿童（或家庭）。解决这些关键问题有可能有助于降低暴力犯罪率，并使人们更好地了解童年经历如何助长暴力，从而使犯罪人及其家人、受害人、从业人员、决策者和公众受益。