LTLS: Analysis and simulation of the Long-Term / Large-Scale interactions of C, N and P in UK land, freshwater and atmosphere

LTLS：英国土地、淡水和大气中 C、N 和 P 的长期/大规模相互作用的分析和模拟

• 批准号: NE/J011533/1
• 负责人: Edward Tipping
• 金额: $ 94.24万
• 依托单位: NERC CEH (Up to 30.11.2019)
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2012 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FJ011533%2F1
• 关键词: LTLS; Analysis; simulation; Long; Term

During recent decades and centuries, pools and fluxes of C, N and P in UK ecosystems have been transformed by the spread and fertiliser-based intensification of agriculture, by atmospheric pollution, and now by fossil-fuel induced climate change. We need to understand the processes that determine these effects, in order to improve the sustainability of agriculture, preserve carbon stocks, control the eutrophication of terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems, and reduce nutrient delivery to the sea and greenhouse gas emissions. Contemporary pools of C, N and P in soils and sediments reflect processes occurring on a range of timescales (up to 1000 years or more for organic matter turnover in soils) and also over a range of spatial scales. We propose research to address long-term, large scale processing of C, N and P in the environment. The principal objective is to account for observable terrestrial and aquatic pools, concentrations and fluxes of C, N and P on the basis of past inputs, biotic and abiotic interactions, and transport processes, in order to address the following scientific questions; 1. Over the last 200 years, what have been the temporal responses of soil C, N and P pools in different UK catchments to nutrient enrichment? 2. What have been the consequent effects on C, N and P transfers from land to the atmosphere, freshwaters and estuaries?3. How have terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity responded to increases in ecosystem productivity engendered by nutrient enrichment at different locations?We aim at an integrated quantitative description of the interlinked land and water pools and annual fluxes of C, N and P for the UK over time. Central to the project is the application, development and parameterisation of mechanistically-based models applicable over long timescales and at a broad spatial scale. The models will be designed to exploit the large number of existing biogeochemical data for the UK, with new targeted measurements to fill important gaps. A key ingredient is radiocarbon data for natural organic matter in soils and waters, which provide a unique means of estimating longer-term turnover rates of organic matter. The project is organised into seven workpackages, as follows.WP1 Data. This involves the collation and management of monitoring and survey data and literature searches. Data will be required for driving and parameterising models.WP2 New measurements. Gap-filling information will be obtained about C & N releases from fuels, soil concentrations of C, N, P, and radiocarbon, vegetation contents of C, N and P, a major effort on soil denitrification, riverine organic matter including radiocarbon contents.WP3 Atmospheric model. This will use a variety of data, and atmospheric physics, to describe N deposition at 5 km2 resolution for the UK from 1800 to the present, and take into account emissions from industry and agriculture.WP4 Terrestrial models. Models will be developed and parameterised to describe (a) biogeochemical cycling of C, N and P in natural and agricultural soils, simulating losses by gaseous evasion and solute leaching, and (b) physical erosion.WP5 Aquatic models. These will describe sediment transport of organic matter (including C, N and P), lake processing, denitrification, and groundwater transport. Point source inputs will be quantified.WP6 Integrated Model. The IM will bring together the models from WP3-5 within a grid-based hydrological system, applicable to the whole of the UK. Through the IM we will answer Questions 1 and 2, producing temporal and spatial terrestrial and aquatic outputs for representative catchments. The IM will include estimates of uncertainty and be applicable for future scenario analysis.WP7 Biodiversity. Model output from WP3-6 will be used to analyse terrestrial plant diversity and diatom diversity in lake sediments, thereby addressing Question 3.

在最近几十年和几个世纪里，英国生态系统中的碳、氮和磷的池和通量已经由于农业的扩散和以化肥为基础的集约化、大气污染以及现在的化石燃料引起的气候变化而发生了变化。我们需要了解决定这些影响的过程，以便提高农业的可持续性，保护碳储存，控制陆地和淡水生态系统的富营养化，减少向海洋输送养分和减少温室气体排放。土壤和沉积物中当代的C、N和P库反映了在一系列时间尺度上(土壤中有机质周转长达1000年或更长时间)以及在一系列空间尺度上发生的过程。我们建议进行研究，以解决环境中碳、氮和磷的长期、大规模处理问题。主要目标是根据过去的投入、生物和非生物的相互作用以及迁移过程，说明可观测到的陆地和水生池塘、C、N和P的浓度和通量，以解决下列科学问题；1.在过去的200年里，英国不同流域的土壤C、N和P库对养分增加的时间响应是什么？2.对C、N和P从陆地向大气、淡水和河口的转移有什么影响？3.陆地和淡水生物多样性如何响应不同地点养分增加所带来的生态系统生产力的增加？我们的目标是对英国随着时间的推移相互关联的陆地和水池以及C、N和P的年通量进行综合的定量描述。该项目的核心是基于机械的模型的应用、开发和参数化，适用于长时间尺度和广泛的空间尺度。这些模型将被设计成利用英国现有的大量生物地球化学数据，并通过新的有针对性的测量来填补重要的空白。一个关键因素是土壤和水中天然有机物质的放射性碳数据，它为估计有机物质的长期周转率提供了一种独特的手段。该项目分为7个工作包，具体如下。WP1数据。这涉及到监测和调查数据的整理和管理以及文献搜索。驾驶和参数化模型需要数据。WP2新测量。将获得有关燃料释放的C&N、土壤C、N、P和放射性碳的浓度、C、N和P的植被含量、土壤反硝化的主要努力、河流有机质包括放射性碳含量的填补信息。这将使用各种数据和大气物理来描述英国从1800年到现在在5平方公里分辨率下的氮沉积，并考虑到工业和农业的排放。将开发模型并将其参数化，以描述(A)自然和农业土壤中C、N和P的生物地球化学循环，模拟通过气体逃逸和溶质淋溶造成的损失，以及(B)物理侵蚀。这些课程将描述有机物质(包括C、N和P)的沉积物迁移、湖泊处理、反硝化和地下水迁移。点源输入将被量化。WP6集成模型。IM将把WP3-5中的模型汇集在一个基于网格的水文系统中，该系统适用于整个英国。通过IM，我们将回答问题1和2，为有代表性的集水区产生时间和空间上的陆地和水生产出。IM将包括对不确定性的估计，并适用于未来的情景分析。WP3-6的模型输出将用于分析湖泊沉积物中的陆地植物多样性和硅藻多样性，从而解决问题3。

项目成果

Long-term organic carbon turnover rates in natural and semi-natural topsoils

• DOI: 10.1007/s10533-013-9928-z
• 发表时间: 2014-04
• 期刊: Biogeochemistry
• 影响因子: 4
• 作者: Robert T. E. Mills;Robert T. E. Mills;Edward Tipping;Charlotte L. Bryant;Bridget A. Emmett

Estimating the leakage contribution of phosphate dosed drinking water to environmental phosphorus pollution at the national-scale.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.121
• 发表时间: 2016-12
• 期刊: The Science of the total environment
• 作者: M. Ascott;D. Gooddy;D. Lapworth;Marianne Stuart

Mains water leakage: Implications for phosphorus source apportionment and policy responses in catchments.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.038
• 发表时间: 2017-02
• 期刊: The Science of the total environment
• 作者: D. Gooddy;M. Ascott;D. Lapworth;R. Ward;H. Jarvie;M. Bowes;E. Tipping;R. Dils;B. Surridge

Nutrient fluxes from domestic wastewater: A national-scale historical perspective for the UK 1800-2010.

生活废水中的营养通量：英国 1800-2010 年全国范围的历史视角。

• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.037
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: The Science of the total environment
• 作者: Naden P

Long term simulations of macronutrients (C, N and P) in UK freshwaters

• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145813
• 发表时间: 2021-03-01
• 期刊: SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
• 影响因子: 9.8
• 作者: Bell, V. A.;Naden, P. S.;Wu, L.
• 通讯作者: Wu, L.