INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN PHYSICAL AND AFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING IN INFANCY

本项目侧重于描述不同生态背景下的早期相互作用。在多个样本中对婴儿与其他人的互动和依恋的广泛观察表明，二人组内的社会互动质量随着功能和社会背景的不同而发生显着变化。因此，为了获得可靠的个体差异指数，有必要扩大观察范围。对魁北克、德国、中非共和国和哥伦比亚的父母和婴儿以及美国的非裔美国家庭进行了类似的为期一天的观察，以进一步探索文化和环境对早期互动的影响。从每个抽样的文化中至少抽取两个样本，以最大限度地洞察来源和对变异性的解释。我们希望，在各种生态环境中对父母和婴儿进行系统和详细的观察，将有助于更清楚地了解婴儿经历的差异程度，以及获得文化内和文化间个体差异的可靠指数的最佳方式。在单独的短期纵向研究中，我们正在探索生理、社会和情感功能的个体差异的稳定性。分析表明，从婴儿期到儿童期中期，这一指标具有显著的稳定性。-婴儿期；气质；社交抑制；亲子互动；父母照顾；母子关系；父子关系；跨文化研究-人类受试者和受试者：仅访谈、问卷调查或调查

This project focuses on the description of early interaction in diverse ecological contexts. Extensive observations of infant-other interaction and attachment in multiple samples demonstrated that the quality of social interaction within dyads changed dramatically depending on the functional and social context. As a result, extended observations are necessary to obtain reliable indices of individual differences. Comparable day-long observations of parents and infants in Quebec, Germany, the Central African Republic, and Colombia, as well as in African-American families in the US, are being conducted to further explore the effects of culture and context on early interactions. At least two samples are being drawn from each culture sampled to maximize insight into the sources and interpretation of variability. We hope that systematic and detailed observations of parents and infants in a variety of ecological contexts will provide a clearer understanding of the extent to which infant experiences vary and of the best ways of obtaining reliable indices of individual differences within and between cultures. In separate short-term longitudinal studies, we are exploring the stability of individual differences in physiological, social, and affective functioning. Analyses reveal remarkable stability from infancy into middle childhood. - Infancy; temperament; social inhibition; Parent-infant interaction; parental care; mother-child relations; father-child relations; cross-cultural research - Human Subjects & Human Subjects: Interview, Questionaires, or Surveys Only