Individual Differences In Physical And Affective Functio

该项目的重点是在不同的生态环境中的早期相互作用的描述。在每一种情况下，已经或正在进行扩展观察，以确保可靠地测量个体差异。在魁北克、德国、中非共和国和哥伦比亚，以及在美国的非洲裔美国人、非洲裔加勒比人和欧洲裔美国人家庭中，正在进行为期一天的类似观察，以进一步探索文化和背景对早期互动的影响。对2至5岁的Bofi婴儿的长期观察表明，与普遍的看法相反，断奶很少是亲子冲突的时候。Bofi婴儿的家庭要么住在村庄，要么追求游牧狩猎和采集的生活方式。在这两组中，断奶都是由孩子们开始吃各种食物时开始的，尽管村民更有可能在预定的时间完全终止母乳喂养，而觅食者让孩子们自己设定速度。断奶通常与怀孕有关，孩子们的反应取决于母亲的敏感性以及是否有额外的护理人员。

This project focuses on the description of early interaction in diverse ecological contexts. In each case, extended observations have been or are being obtained to ensure that individual differences are reliably measured. Comparable day-long observations of parents and infants in Quebec, Germany, the Central African Republic, and Colombia, as well as in African-American, Afro-Caribbean, and Euro-American families in the United States, are being conducted to explore further the effects of culture and context on early interactions. Extended observations of 2- to 5-year-old Bofi infants whose families either lived in villages or pursued a nomadic hunting and gathering lifestyle revealed that, contrary to widespread beliefs, weaning was seldom a time of parent-offspring conflict. In both groups, weaning was initiated by the children as they began to eat a variety of foodstuffs, although villagers were more likely to terminate breastfeeding completely at a predetermined time, whereas foragers let the children themselves set the pace. Weaning was usually associated with pregnancy, and the children's reactions varied depending on maternal sensitivity as well as the availability of additional careproviders.